Egalitarianisme Gayo Sebuah Inisiatif Antropologi Sosial dan Etnografi Politik

Abstract

Gayo is the second largest ethnic groups in Aceh, which is most misunderstood. Actually, Aceh has consisted nine ethnics, including one smallest ethnic that has been founded several years ago, named “Haloban” in Pulau Banyak, Singkil Regency. This arcticle shows the distinctive characters and culture of Gayo people. They were not only inhabiting in area “Gayo continent” such as Central Aceh, Bener Meriah, Gayo Lues Regency, but also Southeast Aceh (Alas), East Aceh (Lokop) Aceh Tamiang (Kalul), and Southwest Aceh Regency (Lhok Gayo). This article uses an ethnographic approach on the condition of culture, art, and history in Gayo landschape. In the long history of the Gayo people, Islam has become a value that has penetrated the joints of the socio-cultural life of its people. This situation is quitely different with Aceh east and west coastal. That happened because the Gayo people had faced challenges to live diverse, so that it influenced the appreciation of their Islamic life. in the religious practice, the Gayo people pay more attention for the esoteric values perspective rather than the exoteric perspective. This is the rich account of a muslim society in highland Gayo, that has been a long debate among themselves ideas of what Islam is and should be as it pertains to all areas of their lives, from work, arts performance, and worship. Many previous anthropological studies, like Snouck Hurgronje works have concentrated on the purely local aspects of culture and the tension between the local and universal in everyday life of Gayo people.

Relevansi Adat Istiadat Gayo Lues dalam Konteks Perubahan Sosial: Perspektif Generasi Muda

“…Berikut adalah beberapa argumen yang menggambarkan bentuk-bentuk konflik yang mungkin terjadi. Hasil penelitian didukung oleh Fasya dan Afriansyah bahwa nilai adat perlu dilestarikan untuk menjaga norma masyarakat Gayo yang identic dengan Islam (Arfiansyah, 2021;Fasya, 2018) Perbedaan dalam Gaya Hidup dan Preferensi. Generasi muda di Aceh mungkin memiliki preferensi dan gaya hidup yang berbeda dengan generasi yang lebih tua.…”

Prosesi Turunmani (Kelahiran) dan Rekonstruksi Solidaritas Pada Masyarakat Gayo

“…Struktur ini hadir guna menjaga keharmonisan hubungan sosial diantara orang Gayo. Struktur yang dinamakan êdêt ini merupakan hasil dialektika agama Islam sebagai fondasinya dengan nilai dan norma nenek moyang orang Gayo dahulu kala (Mustafa & Hidayat, 2017;Fasya, 2018). Sintesis agama dan norma tercermin dalam sebuah pepatah: "agama ôrôm êdêt lagu zêt ôrôm sipêt, agama munôkôm êdêt mubëda" (agama dan adat seperti zat dan sifat, agama Islam menghukum salah dan benar, sedangkan adat Gayo membedakan baik dan tidak baik).…”