EGF, TGF-α and Amphiregulin Differently Regulate Endometrium-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells

Abstract

The prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is regulated by a set of its ligands, which determines the specificity of signaling and intracellular fate of the receptor. The EGFR signaling system is well characterized in immortalized cell lines such as HeLa derived from tumor tissues, but much less is known about EGFR function in untransformed multipotent stromal/stem cells (MSCs). We compared the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and amphiregulin (AREG) on physiological responses in endometrial MSCs (enMSC) and HeLa cells. In addition, using Western blotting and confocal microscopy, we studied the internalization and degradation of EGFR stimulated by the three ligands in these cell lines. We demonstrated that unlike HeLa, EGF and TGF-α, but not AREG, stimulated enMSC proliferation and prevented decidual differentiation in an EGFR-dependent manner. In HeLa cells, EGF targeted EGFR for degradation, while TGF-α stimulated its recycling. Surprisingly, in enMSC, both ligands caused EGFR degradation. In both cell lines, AREG-EGFR internalization was not registered. In HeLa cells, EGFR was degraded within 2 h, restoring its level in 24 h, while in enMSC, degradation took more than 4–8 h, and the low EGFR level persisted for several days. This indicates that EGFR homeostasis in MSCs may differ significantly from that in immortalized cell lines.

Application of amphiregulin in IVM culture of immature human oocytes and pre-insemination culture for COCs in IVF cycles

“…Ríos et al., in their study of bovine oocytes, found that the pro-maturation effect of EGF was evident in degranulated oocytes, indicating that EGF acts directly, or at least partially, on oocytes ( 33 ). A study on mice showed that the zona pellucida allows molecular substances, up to 150 kDa, to pass through ( 34 , 35 ). Therefore, we speculated that the human zona pellucida also has this characteristic.…”