Egg genotyping reveals the possibility of patent Ancylostoma caninum infection in human intestine

Furtado, Luis Fernando Viana; Dias, Lucas Teixeira de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Thais de Oliveira; Silva, Vivian Jordania da; Oliveira, Valéria Nayara Gomes Mendes de; Rabelo, Élida Mara Leite

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59874-8

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The main species of feline Ancylostoma found in North America are Ancylostoma tubaeforme and Ancylostoma braziliense [10]. Since feline Ancylostoma and T. cati are zoonotic parasites [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], it is important to conduct routine fecal examinations of cats, and treat them as necessary to maintain their wellness and that of their owners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evaluation and validation of the VETSCAN IMAGYST: in-clinic feline and canine fecal parasite detection system integrated with a deep learning algorithm

et al. 2021

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Background Fecal examinations in pet cats and dogs are key components of routine veterinary practice; however, their accuracy is influenced by diagnostic methodologies and the experience level of personnel performing the tests. The VETSCAN IMAGYST system was developed to provide simpler and easier fecal examinations which are less influenced by examiners’ skills. This system consists of three components: a sample preparation device, an automated microscope scanner, and analysis software. The objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system on feline parasites (Ancylostoma and Toxocara cati) and protozoan parasites (Cystoisospora and Giardia) and to assess and compare the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method to reference centrifugal and passive flotation methods. Methods To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the scanning and algorithmic components of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, fecal slides were prepared by the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique with pre-screened fecal samples collected from dogs and cats and examined by both an algorithm and parasitologists. To assess the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to those of conventional flotation techniques. Results The performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST algorithm closely correlated with evaluations by parasitologists, with sensitivity of 75.8–100% and specificity of 93.1-100% across the targeted parasites. For samples with 50 eggs or less per slide, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.95 across the targeted parasites. The results of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method correlated well with those of the conventional centrifugal flotation method across the targeted parasites: sensitivity of 65.7–100% and specificity of 97.6–100%. Similar results were observed for the conventional passive flotation method compared to the conventional centrifugal flotation method: sensitivity of 56.4–91.7% and specificity of 99.4–100%. Conclusions The VETSCAN IMAGYST scanning and algorithmic systems with the VETSCAN IMAGYST fecal preparation technique demonstrated a similar qualitative performance to the parasitologists’ examinations with conventional fecal flotation techniques. Given the deep learning nature of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, its performance is expected to improve over time, enabling it to be utilized in veterinary clinics to perform fecal examinations accurately and efficiently.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evaluation and validation of the VETSCAN IMAGYST: in-clinic feline and canine fecal parasite detection system integrated with a deep learning algorithm

et al. 2021

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“…Ancylostoma caninum cause haemorrhagic enteritis in young puppies and chronic irondeficiency anaemia in older dogs (Georgi et al, 1969), while in humans it causes cutaneous larva migrans and eosinophilic enteritis (Bowman et al, 2010). A few studies have reported the presence of A. caninum eggs/DNA in human faeces; however, it remains uncertain if these were natural infections or inadvertent passage, as non-patent worms of this species were detected in human intestines previously (George et al, 2016;Ngcamphalala et al, 2019;Furtado et al, 2020).…”

Section: Genotyping Of Helminths By Pcr Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (Rflp) and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in a human–animal–environmental interface: the Oloisukut Conservancy, Narok County, Kenya

Mulinge

Zeyhle

Mpario³

et al. 2021

J. Helminthol.

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Dogs living in a domestic–wildlife interface can serve as reservoirs and sentinels of parasites shared among humans, domestic animals and wildlife. In Kenya, the epidemiology of intestinal parasites of dogs and their role as reservoirs of zoonoses is poorly understood, especially in domestic–wildlife interfaces. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in the Oloisukut Conservancy. One hundred dog faecal samples were collected per rectum and examined microscopically following zinc chloride flotation and formal-ether concentration techniques. Genotyping of helminths was achieved by nested polymerase chain reaction of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, cytochrome oxidase 1 and partial sequencing. Nine genera were detected by microscopy in 65 (65%) dog faecal samples from 54/76 (71.05%) households. The most frequent helminths were hookworm (39%), Spirometra spp. (17%), taeniids (13%), Toxocara spp. (10%), Trichuris spp. (10%), Spirocerca lupi (5%), Physaloptera spp. (2%), Dipylidium caninum (1%) and Strongyloides spp. (1%). Ancylostoma caninum was the only hookworm species detected in dogs, while Taenia serialis and Taenia madoquae were detected in four and one faecal samples, respectively. This study reports for the first time the molecular detection of the cestodes Spirometra theileri, D. caninum and Mesocestoides sp. in dogs in Kenya. The presence of zoonotic helminths in dogs indicates that the residents of this conservancy are exposed to public health risks. The helminths reported here confirm the interaction of domestic dogs with wildlife. An integrated control programme involving the medical, veterinary and wildlife conservation professionals is needed to avert transmission of infectious diseases to humans, domestic animals and wildlife.

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“…Although most infections are asymptomatic, a single immature adult worm residing in the small intestine of humans is capable of eliciting abdominal pain, intestinal bleeding, diarrhoea and weight loss as a result of eosinophilic enteritis and aphthous ileitis (Prociv and Croese, 1990). There is growing evidence suggesting that occasionally, patent, egg-producing infections may also occur in humans (Furtado et al, 2020).…”

Section: Gondii C Sinensis O Viverrini Paragonimus Spp and Gnathostoma Spinigerum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

TroCCAP recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parasitic infections in dogs and cats in the tropics

Dantas‐Torres

Ketzis

Mihalca

et al. 2020

Veterinary Parasitology

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The Tropical Council for Companion Animal Parasites Ltd. (TroCCAP) is a not-forprofit organisation whose mission is to independently inform, guide and make bestpractice recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and control of companion animal parasites in the tropics and sub-tropics, with the aim of protecting animal and human health. In line with this primary mission, TroCCAP recently developed guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and control of feline and canine parasites in the tropics. The development of these guidelines required unique and complex considerations to be addressed, often inapplicable to developed nations. Much of the tropics encompass middle-to-low income countries in which poor standards of environmental hygiene and large populations of stray dogs and cats coexist. In these regions, a range of parasites pose a high risk to companion animals, which ultimately may place their owners at risk of acquiring parasitic zoonoses. These considerations led to the development of unique recommendations with regard, for example, to deworming and endoparasite testing intervals for the control of both global and 'region-specific' parasites in the tropics.Moreover, the 'off-' or 'extra'-label use of drugs for the treatment and control of parasitic infections is common practice in many tropical countries and many generic products lack manufacturers' information on efficacy, safety, and quality control.Recommendations and advice concerning the use of such drugs and protocols are also addressed in these guidelines. The formation of these guidelines is an important first step towards improving the education of veterinarians specifically regarding bestpractice for the diagnosis, treatment and control of canine and feline parasites in the tropics.

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Egg genotyping reveals the possibility of patent Ancylostoma caninum infection in human intestine

Cited by 42 publications

References 54 publications

Further evaluation and validation of the VETSCAN IMAGYST: in-clinic feline and canine fecal parasite detection system integrated with a deep learning algorithm

Further evaluation and validation of the VETSCAN IMAGYST: in-clinic feline and canine fecal parasite detection system integrated with a deep learning algorithm

A survey of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in a human–animal–environmental interface: the Oloisukut Conservancy, Narok County, Kenya

TroCCAP recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parasitic infections in dogs and cats in the tropics

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