Egg Morphology ofAnastrephaspp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in thefraterculusGroup using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Abstract

We describe detailed scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of eggs of six Anastrepha species in the fraterculus group: Anastrepha antunesi Lima, Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González, Anastrepha distincta Greene, Anastrepha turpiniae Stone, and Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, for the first time. Eggs were dissected from females captured in McPhail traps in Cariri in the state of Tocantins; Itacoatiara, Manaus, and Presidente Figueiredo in the state of Amazonas; and Porto Velho in the state of Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon. Eggs were examined using both scanning electron and optical microscopes. At least 10 eggs were examined for each species by using SEM, and 20–35 eggs per female of at least three females of each species were prepared for light microscopy. The eggs of all six species are similar in gross morphology. They are tapered at both ends, have a papilla at the anterior pole, and the micropyle is located on the dorsal side near the anterior pole. Diagnostic characters to differentiate among these six species include the chorion ornamentation, location of aeropyles, and a pronounced rim of the chorion with a woolly appearance surrounding the micropyle. None of the eggs of the studied species had a conspicuous respiratory appendage.

Description of Eggs ofAnastrepha curitisand Anastrepha Leptozona (Diptera: Tephritidae) using SEM

“…Many Anastrepha species, whose egg morphologies have been described so far, have chorion ornamentation. However, the lack of chorion ornamentation also has been observed several times as reported in three species of the spatulata group: Anastrepha manihoti Lima, Anastrepha montei Lima, and Anastrepha pickeli Lima (Dutra et al 2011b); in Anastrepha species in several infrageneric species groups such as Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González in the fraterculus group, Anastrepha grandis Macquart in the grandis group, Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) in the serpentina group; and also in two additional species in the pseudoparallela group: Anastrepha consobrina (Loew) and Anastrepha pseudoparallela (Loew) (Emmart 1933, Steck and Wharton 1988, Selivon and Perondini 1999, Dutra et al 2011a, Figueiredo et al 2011.…”

“…1 aff. fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha turpiniae (Stone), whose micropyle is slightly dislocated from the apex (Murillo and Jiró n 1994;Perondini 1998, 2000;Dutra et al 2011a) and for A. barbiellinii, A. manihoti, A. nigrifascia, A. obliqua, A. pickeli, and A. pittieri that have a respiratory horn on the apex of the anterior pole (Murillo and Jiró n 1994, Norrbom et al 1999, Norrbom and Korytkowski 2009, Dutra et al 2011b).…”

Description of Eggs ofAnastrephaspp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in theSpatulataGroup using Scanning Electron Microscopy

“…In the fiaterculus group, a respiratory horn is present in Anastrepha barhiellinii Lima and A. obliqua, but lacking in Anastrepha amita Zucchi, Anastrepha antunesi Lima, Anastrepha hahiensis Lima, Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González, Anastreplia distirtcta Greene, Anastreplui fraterculm (Wiedemsinn), Anastreplia ludens (Loew), Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, Aruvstrepha suspensa (Loew), Anastrepha turpiniae Stone, and Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (Murillo and Jirón 1994, Norrbom et al 1999, Selivon and Perondini 1999, Dutra et al 2011; in the robusta group, the respiratory horn is present in Anastre}}ha nigrifasda Stone and Aruuitrepha pittieri Caraballo (Murillo and Jirón 1994, Norrbom et al 1999, Norrbom and Korytkowski 2009) but lacking in Anastrepha bella Norrbom & Korytkowski, Anastrepha spedo.sa Stone (Norrbom and Korytkowski 2009), and Anastrepha cordata Aldrich (Norrbom et al 1999, Norrbom andKorytkowski 2009); and in the serpentina group, the horn is lacking in Ana.<itre})lia serpentina (Wiedemann) (Selivon and Perondini 1999). Here.…”

“…The micropyle of all three species studied is located at the anterior apex of the egg as previously described for A. antunesi, Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, A. coronilli, A. distincta, A. zenildae (Dutra et al 2011 ), Anastrepha sp. 2 aíí.fraterculus Perondini 1998,2000;Selivon et al 2003), A. serpentina, and A. sororcula (Selivon and Perondini 1999).…”

“…Most studies have used light microscopy to document aspects of egg morphology such as length and width (Emmart 1933, Sein 1933, Lawrence 1979, Steck and Malavasi 1988, Steck and Wharton 1988, Norrbom et al 1999, Norrbom and Korytkowski 2009. Fewer studies have used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to help describe Anastrepha eggs (Carroll and Wharton 1989;Murillo and Jirón 1994;Perondini 1998, 1999;Norrbom and Korytkowski 2009;Dutra et al 2011). The limited evidence available suggests that key morphological characters, such as those present in eggs and larvae, can help to better understand the phylogenetic relationships among Anastrepha species (Norrbom et al 1999).…”