Egg production of Calanus finmarchicus : effect of temperature, food and season

Hirche, Hans-Jürgen; Meyer, Uwe; Niehoff, Barbara

doi:10.1007/s002270050051

Cited by 185 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The warmer, southwestern areas within our study region are near the core areas for C. finmarchicus in the Norwegian Sea, and higher C. finmarchicus biomass in summer downstream of these core areas (i.e., where influx from these areas is highest) leads to a positive association between spring temperature and spatially resolved C. finmarchicus biomass in summer. Nonetheless, it is well established that temperature might directly (41,42) or through temperature effects on food availability (43) influence C. finmarchicus growth rate and egg production. The observed relationship mostly reflects temperature−abundance associations for stages CIV-CV, which dominate biomass in summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the mechanisms behind climate effects on zooplankton

Kvile

Langangen

Prokopchuk

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Understanding how climate influences ecosystems is complicated by the many correlated and interrelated impacting factors. Here we quantify climate effects on Calanus finmarchicus in the northeastern Norwegian Sea and southwestern Barents Sea. By combining oceanographic drift models and statistical analyses of field data from 1959 to 1993 and investigating effects across trophic levels, we are able to elucidate pathways by which climate influences zooplankton. The results show that both chlorophyll biomass in spring and C. finmarchicus biomass in summer relate positively to a combination of shallow mixed layer depth and increased wind in spring, suggesting that C. finmarchicus biomass in summer is influenced by bottom-up effects of food availability. Furthermore, spatially resolved C. finmarchicus biomass in summer is linked to favorable transport from warmer, core areas to the south. However, increased mean temperature in spring does not lead to increased C. finmarchicus biomass in summer. Rather, spring biomass is generally higher, but population growth from spring to summer is lower, after a warm compared with a cold spring. Our study illustrates how improved understanding of climate effects can be obtained when different datasets and different methods are combined in a unified approach. responses in zooplankton phenology, distribution, abundance, and composition (1, 2), but the controlling mechanisms behind the associations are often elusive. For example, a change in temperature might directly affect zooplankton physiology (3) or indirectly influence zooplankton through effects on their prey (4) or ecosystem trophic structure (5). To make realistic projections of climate effects on marine ecosystems, there is a need for improved understanding of the mechanisms by which climate affects the different trophic levels.The Atlantic waters of the Norwegian Sea-Barents Sea (NS-BS) host a highly productive ecosystem including several large fish stocks of high socioeconomic importance (6). The area experienced increased water temperatures during the past decades (7) and is, like other high-latitude regions, predicted to warm substantially throughout the 21st century (8). Climate simulations further suggest globally increased ocean stratification, accompanied by decreased primary production in temperate regions but increased primary production in the subarctic (including the Barents Sea) (9, 10).Calanus finmarchicus dominates mesozooplankton biomass and is an important predator on phytoplankton throughout the North Atlantic (11, 12). In the NS-BS, young stages of C. finmarchicus are preyed upon by larvae of demersal fish, and older stages are preyed upon by various pelagic stocks (12, 13). Several studies have indicated that C. finmarchicus in the NS-BS is top-down controlled, particularly by Barents Sea capelin (14-16) and Norwegian spring spawning herring (17, 18). Consistent effects of climate or food availability have on the other hand rarely been demonstrated in situ (19-21).Investigating environmental effects on z...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the mechanisms behind climate effects on zooplankton

Kvile

Langangen

Prokopchuk

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Gaudy and Verriopoulos (2004) declared that egg production was inversely related to temperature. Female size is believed to affect egg production by influencing clutch size (Runge and Plourde, 1996), while temperature affects egg production by influencing the frequency of spawning (Hirche, 1990;Hirche et al, 1997). There is the apparent inverse relationship between temperature and egg production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in body length and fecundity of 2 copepod species: Thermocyclops crassus (Fischer, 1853) and Eudiaptomus drieschi (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895)

Bozkurt¹,

Can²

2014

Turk J Zool

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This paper considers exact solutions of unsteady free convection flow with thermal radiation past a vertical porous plate with Newtonian heating. The technique of Laplace transform was employed in deriving the solutions to the governing flow and energy equations. A parametric study of all parameters involved was conducted, and a representative set of results showing the effect of the radiation parameter N , the ratio of uniform suction to characteristic velocity parameter R , and the free convection parameter Gr on the velocity and temperature are illustrated graphically. The skin friction or shear and heat flux are discussed quantitatively. It is evident that the results reveal the characteristics of the problem.

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“…The observed increase in nitrogen relative to carbon indicates a switch from lipids to protein synthesis or a utilization of lipids (Hirche 1990, Mayor et al 2009). Although the total lipid content in females was generally decreasing throughout the present study, some lipid accumulation did occur late in the bloom period.…”

Section: Biomass and Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Grazing, egg production, and biochemical evidence of differences in the life strategies of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in Disko Bay, western Greenland

Swalethorp¹,

Kjellerup²,

Dünweber³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

106

121

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This is the first high temporal-resolution study in Disko Bay covering population dynamics, grazing, reproduction, and biochemical composition of 3 dominating copepod species (Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus) from late winter to midsummer in 2008. C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis ascended to the surface layer at the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom, followed by C. hyperboreus 2 wk later. C. finmarchicus spawning occurred during the bloom and postbloom period, partially fueled by wax esters. C. glacialis commenced spawning before the bloom, yet it was greatly stimulated when food became available. However, feeding and reproduction was terminated after the main bloom despite the presence of food. In terms of feeding, this was also the strategy for C. hyperboreus. Between pre-bloom and post-bloom, C. finmarchicus showed an increase in carbon, nitrogen, and phospholipid content but a decrease in total lipid content. This was likely the result of protein synthesis, oocyte maturation, and spawning fueled by wax esters and by feeding. C. glacialis showed a similar pattern, although with an increasing total lipid content from pre-bloom to post-bloom, and an increasing wax ester and decreasing phospholipid content after reproduction was terminated. C. hyperboreus showed greatly increased content of carbon, nitrogen, and all lipid classes between the pre-and post-bloom periods. Hence, C. finmarchicus commenced feeding and spawning at the onset of the bloom and continued throughout the remaining study period. Both C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus females refueled their storage lipids (wax esters) during the bloom and post-bloom period, suggesting that they may spawn in an additional year. KEY WORDS:Calanus spp. · Distribution · Egg production · Fecal pellet production · Carbon conversion factors · Lipids · Spring bloom Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 429: [125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144] 2011 ice cover (Hansen et al. 2006) influences the timing of the diatom-dominated spring bloom ). Local ice melting and runoff from the glacier at Ilulissat creates a strong stratification and an outflow of low-saline water leaving the bay (Nielsen & Hansen 1995, Buch 2000. Future increase in temperature will reduce the extent of the ice cover, promote stratification, and probably make the timing and duration of the bloom more predictable. However, wind is also an important factor in determining the onset of the bloom. Lack of sea ice can, in situations with prevailing winds, destabilize the water column and hence postpone the bloom (Melle & Skjoldal 1998).Copepods of the genus Calanus are the primary herbivores in Arctic pelagic ecosystems during spring and summer (Hirche & Mumm 1992, Nielsen & Hansen 1995, Thibault et al. 1999. Calanus spp. is an important prey item for many species of fish, birds, and whales (Dale & Kaartvedt 2000, Kitaysky & Golubova 2000. C. finmar...

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Egg production of Calanus finmarchicus : effect of temperature, food and season

Cited by 185 publications

References 25 publications

Disentangling the mechanisms behind climate effects on zooplankton

Disentangling the mechanisms behind climate effects on zooplankton

Seasonal variations in body length and fecundity of 2 copepod species: Thermocyclops crassus (Fischer, 1853) and Eudiaptomus drieschi (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895)

Grazing, egg production, and biochemical evidence of differences in the life strategies of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in Disko Bay, western Greenland

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