Eggshell membrane and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene piezoelectric‐enhanced triboelectric bio‐nanogenerators for energy harvesting

Abstract

Summary With the growing demand for wearable electronic devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provide an effective solution by harvesting human body motions and converting them into electricity. Tribomaterial is one key element for the output performance and application of TENGs. In this study, biomaterial eggshell membrane (ESM) was investigated for use as a piezoelectric‐enhanced positive tribomaterial. ESM not only exhibits excellent piezoelectricity due to the amount of hydrogen bonds, but it is also biocompatible and pollution free. The piezoelectricities of raw eggshell membrane (RESM), heated eggshell membrane (HESM), and carbonized eggshell membrane (CESM) were analyzed and compared. Porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was fabricated and used as a negative tribomaterial in the TENG due to its strong electron‐acquisition ability. Pairing ESM with an ePTFE resulted in a novel piezoelectric‐enhanced triboelectric bio‐nanogenerator (P‐TENG) with an excellent energy harvesting ability, high‐efficiency output performance, and sensitive human motion monitoring. By comparing ePTFE paired with RESM, HESM, and CESM, the CESM/ePTFE P‐TENG showed the best output performance due to CESM's piezoelectric enhancement. This bio‐P‐TENG as a wearable electric device has great potential in biomedical applications.

Metal-free triboelectric nanogenerators for application in wearable electronics

“…The assembly of the device depends on the disposition of tribonegative and tribopositive pairs and supporting collectors (electrodes) that conduct the generated current to an external load. [29][30][31][32][33][34] The big challenge to incorporating TENGs into wearables is the integration of conductive components and active tribopairs into cotton, wool, silk, or elastomers without sacrificing the intrinsic characteristics of the original textile in terms of breathable and fashionable properties. 10,13,[35][36][37] One of the most common strategies to develop electrodes for wearable TENGs is based on the modification of garments with metal layers, such as the modification of polyester with Ni film, 38 from the incorporation of copper, [39][40][41] aluminum, [42][43][44] ITO 45 and gold.…”

“…The assembly of the device depends on the disposition of tribonegative and tribopositive pairs and supporting collectors (electrodes) that conduct the generated current to an external load. 29–34 The big challenge to incorporating TENGs into wearables is the integration of conductive components and active tribopairs into cotton, wool, silk, or elastomers without sacrificing the intrinsic characteristics of the original textile in terms of breathable and fashionable properties. 10,13,35–37…”

Green Energy from Edible Materials: Triboelectrification-Enabled Sustainable Self-Powered Human Joint Movement Monitoring

“…It is well known that cellulose is one of the most abundant biomaterials, which is eco-friendly and biodegradable. Consumable day-to-day products, such as wood, cotton, shrimp, cocoons, egg shells, and aloe vera, has a large amount of cellulose in it. − Hence, a simple natural biodegradable material with easy fabrication enables the TENGs to gain their potential in using for day-to-day activities as a promising power source and active sensor.…”

All-In-One Energy Harvesting/Storage Integrated Systems Based on Eggshell Membranes

“…In this scenario, different works proposed the use of building blocks for biomaterials application such as eggshell membranes (ESMs), almond shell, chitosan, recycled coffee, animal, and human hair, applied as electrodes/active layers for the development of green TENGs.…”

“…ESM is a residual and accessible material that exhibits triboelectrification and piezoelectrification properties, being applied as a separator in lithium-ion batteries, electrodes in supercapacitors, tribomaterial in TENG, tissue for regeneration membranes, a therapeutic agent for tissue disorders, water purification membrane, green energy source, , and so on. This biomaterial is composed of a biopolymeric structure, mainly of collagen (types I, V, and X), which represents up to 96% of its dry weight, along with other bioactive compounds such as chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and sulfur-rich proteins. ,, …”