Egypt and the Levant

Bietak, Manfred

doi:10.4324/9780203820933.ch29

Cited by 5 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Given limited available data and the fact that U5 is the dominant mitochondrial haplogroup found among hunter-gatherers in Europe [ 83 , 84 ], the recovery of a haplogroup U5b2b5 sequence from the mummy of Djehutynakht raises the question of data authenticity, despite the molecular metrics suggesting otherwise. When the mummy’s mtDNA sequence is viewed in the context of modern mtDNA diversity, however, the observed U5 lineage could potentially reflect interactions between Egypt and the Near East that date as far back as the Predynastic and Early Dynastic periods [ 85 ]. Trade between Egypt and the Near East is evidenced by, among other things, ceramic imports to Egypt [ 86 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trade between Egypt and the Near East is evidenced by, among other things, ceramic imports to Egypt [ 86 ]. In addition, dwellings similar to those found in Palestine suggest some immigration to Egypt from more arid Near Eastern areas from the late Predynastic to the Old Kingdom [ 85 , 87 ]. Both trade and immigration between Egypt and the Near East continued to increase over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both trade and immigration between Egypt and the Near East continued to increase over time. Demand in Egypt for cedar of Lebanon wood (a wood available and harvested in Lebanon and Syria during the MK) led to the further establishment of trade routes between Egypt and the Levant [ 85 , 86 ]. It is interesting, and perhaps not coincidental, that the individual with the mtDNA sequence most similar to Djehutynakht comes from a Lebanese individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens

Loreille¹,

Ratnayake²,

Bazinet³

et al. 2018

Genes

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High throughput sequencing (HTS) has been used for a number of years in the field of paleogenomics to facilitate the recovery of small DNA fragments from ancient specimens. Recently, these techniques have also been applied in forensics, where they have been used for the recovery of mitochondrial DNA sequences from samples where traditional PCR-based assays fail because of the very short length of endogenous DNA molecules. Here, we describe the biological sexing of a ~4000-year-old Egyptian mummy using shotgun sequencing and two established methods of biological sex determination (RX and RY), by way of mitochondrial genome analysis as a means of sequence data authentication. This particular case of historical interest increases the potential utility of HTS techniques for forensic purposes by demonstrating that data from the more discriminatory nuclear genome can be recovered from the most damaged specimens, even in cases where mitochondrial DNA cannot be recovered with current PCR-based forensic technologies. Although additional work remains to be done before nuclear DNA recovered via these methods can be used routinely in operational casework for individual identification purposes, these results indicate substantial promise for the retrieval of probative individually identifying DNA data from the most limited and degraded forensic specimens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens

Loreille¹,

Ratnayake²,

Bazinet³

et al. 2018

Genes

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“…In Egypt and the Mediterranean people of neighbouring regions met and interacted through warfare, the presentation of tribute or gifts to foreign dignitaries, sea-borne trade, and intermarriage (e.g. Bietak, 2007;Kendall, 2007;Steel, 2007;Tyson Smith, 2007;Wilkinson, 2007). Iconographic sources in Egypt and on the Greek islands represent regional stereotypes though cloth, costume, and phenotypic traits such as skin colour (Morgan, 1988: 118-20;Tyson Smith, 2007: 220-21).The relationship between north and central Europe, the Mediterranean and Near East have been perceived through models such as a Bronze Age core and periphery in a world system (Sherratt, 1993), major centres and local zones (Harding 2000: 415-30) or symbolic transmissions (Kristiansen & Larsson, 2005).…”

Section: Archaeological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Parochial to the Universal: Comparing Cloth Cultures in the Bronze Age

Harris

2012

Eur. j. archaeol.

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The aim of this research is to compare the cloth cultures of Europe and Egypt in the Bronze Age and New Kingdom. The comparison focuses on the fourteenth century BC and includes four geographically separate areas including the oak coffin burials of southern Scandinavia, the Hallstatt salt mines of central Europe, the Final Palace period of Crete and the tombs and towns of the later eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The comparative approach can bring insights even when applied to unconnected cultures or regions. However, in this study I concentrate on a restricted chronological period and areas that were connected, directly or indirectly, by widespread networks of trade or exchange. The concept of cloth cultures is used to include both textiles and animal skins as these were closely related materials in the prehistoric past. Information is gathered according to the following categories: raw materials including textile fibre and species of skins, fabric structure and thread count (only for textiles), decoration and finish, use and context. From this study it is possible to recognize the universally shared principles of cloth cultures and the great versatility and creativity in the regional cloth cultures of the Bronze Age.

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“…The latter region appears to have experienced large migrations and fluctuations in population (Figure 1.10). At times Lower Nubia seems to have been all but deserted (Table 1.2), while at other times the region between the First and Fifth Cataracts was invaded by, among others, Noba (from the southwest), Funj (from the south), Banu Kanz (from the northeast), Axumites (from the southeast), and Egyptians (Bietak 1966;Adams 1977;Friedman 2002;Smith 2003;Edwards 2004;Dahl and Hjort-af-Ornas 2006). In addition, the Eastern Desert saw the arrival of Ma'aza and Rashaida Bedouin from the Arabian Peninsula in the 19th and 20th centuries CE (Murray 1935;Newbold 1935;Paul 1954;Hobbs 1989;Krzywinski and Pierce 2001).…”

Section: The Eastern Desert In Pharaonic Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of the Peoples of the Eastern Desert

2012

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The CoTsen InsTITuTe of ArChAeology Press is the publishing unit of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA. The Cotsen Institute is a premier research organization dedicated to the creation, dissemination, and conservation of archaeological knowledge and heritage. It is home to both the Interdepartmental Archaeology Graduate Program and the UCLA/Getty Master's Program in the Conservation of Archaeological and Ethnographic Materials. The Cotsen Institute provides a forum for innovative faculty research, graduate education, and public programs at UCLA in an effort to impact positively the academic, local and global communities. Established in 1973, the Cotsen Institute is at the forefront of archaeological research, education, conservation and publication and is an active contributor to interdisciplinary research at UCLA. The Cotsen Institute Press specializes in producing high-quality academic volumes in several different series, including Monographs, World Heritage and Monuments, CotsenAdvanced Seminars, and Ideas, Debates and Perspectives. The Press is committed to making the fruits of archaeological research accessible to professionals, scholars, students, and the general public. We are able to do this through the generosity of Lloyd E. Cotsen, longtime Institute volunteer and benefactor, who has provided an endowment that allows us to subsidize our publishing program and produce superb volumes at an affordable price. Publishing in nine different series, our award-winning archaeological publications receive critical acclaim in both the academic and popular communities.

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Egypt and the Levant

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens

Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens

From the Parochial to the Universal: Comparing Cloth Cultures in the Bronze Age

The History of the Peoples of the Eastern Desert

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