Egyptian Temples and Priests: Graeco‐Roman

Clarysse, Willy

doi:10.1002/9781444320053.ch15

“…Many historic structures were severely damaged, with some even collapsing (totally or partially). The seismic action, the differential settlement of the soil due to the variability of the water table, and the disintegration of the materials are three sources of structural damage to the monuments, which in uence the buildings [23,24]. Many symptoms of deterioration were monitored during eld visits to the case study, such as loss of stone material, granular disintegration, exfoliation of the surface, and salt crystallization, which induces granular disintegration and scaling of the stone, where the degradation pattern is called aking, the most important of which is the presence of loss in building material (sandstone), which necessitates work to complete the missing parts in accordance with international conventions in order to conserve the monument and guarantee its continuity (Fig.…”

Section: -Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness assessment of paraloid B-72 enhanced with Nano materials to improve of mortars properties for conservation of Seti I temple in Al-Qurna, Thebes west bank, Egypt

Mohamed

¹

2023

Preprint

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This paper presents an experimental study to assessment of the potential effectiveness of four consolidation treatments performed with: Nano silica 5% dissolved in water, Nano lime 5% dissolved in ethanol, Paraloid B72 3% dissolved in toluene enhanced with Nano silica 5%, and Paraloid B72 3% dissolved in toluene enhanced with Nano lime 5% to improve the physical and mechanical properties of proposed completion mortars that will use to compensation of the missing parts of the sandstone. The experimental samples were exposed to artificial ageing cycles and investigated by several scientific techniques such as; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Polarized light microscope (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive system (EDS), and the physical and mechanical properties tests to determine the appropriate mortar for the completion process. Results of this study indicated that the mortar which consolidated by 3% of paraloid B72 enhanced with 5% of Nano silica and 3% of paraloid B72 enhanced with 5% of Nano lime achieved the best results.

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“…Many Theban temples were reused after the New Kingdom period, and the temple was utilised as a work location for artists during the Roman period, and then later during the Coptic era, elements of the temple were turned into a church and houses (in the northern courtyard). During the Roman era, portions of the temple's materials were also employed in other construction projects [21,22]. Recent excavations have uncovered much of the outer complex of the temple, with its rows of storage magazines to the north of the site and reconstructed walls and plinths in the courtyards.…”

Section: -Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness assessment of Paraloid B-72 enhanced with Nano materials to improve of completion mortars properties for conservation of Seti I temple in el-Qurna, Thebes west bank, Egypt

Mohamed

¹

2023

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

1

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This paper presents an experimental study to assessment of the potential effectiveness of four consolidation treatments performed with: Nano silica 5% dissolved in water, Nano lime 5% dissolved in ethanol, Paraloid B72 3% dissolved in toluene enhanced with Nano silica 5%, and Paraloid B72 3% dissolved in toluene enhanced with Nano lime 5% to improve the physical and mechanical properties of proposed completion mortars that will use to compensation of the missing parts of the sandstone. The experimental samples were exposed to arti cial ageing cycles and investigated by several scienti c techniques such as; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Polarized light microscope (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive system (EDS), and the physical and mechanical properties tests to determine the appropriate mortar for the completion process.Results of this study indicated that the mortar which consolidated by 3% of paraloid B72 enhanced with 5% of Nano silica and 3% of paraloid B72 enhanced with 5% of Nano lime achieved the best results. 1-IntroductionThe ancient site of Gebel el Silsila is located in Upper Egypt, between Kom Ombo and Edfu, at the Nile's narrowest point. Once a cataract-like location, the site is now divided into east (Gebel el Silsila) and west (Ramadi Gibli) portions, each with historic quarries stretching 2.5 and 5 km down the Nile (including the northern site of Nag el Hammam). The concession covers roughly 30 km. Gebel el Silsila is well-renowned for its numerous New Kingdom stelae, burial shrines, and the rock-cut temple known as the Speos of Iswap. It was also ancient Egypt's greatest sandstone quarry, which supplied the most coveted blocks for the ancient architects. It was also ancient Egypt's greatest sandstone quarry, which supplied the most sought-after blocks for the construction of some of the world's most famous temples, including Karnak, Luxor, The mortuary temple of Seti I, Ramesseum, Dendera, Edfu, Kom Ombo, and many more. Furthermore, Gebel el Silsila has been preserved with not just evidence of ancient extraction processes and transportation techniques [1, 2].Sandstone is the basic building material that was used in the construction of most pharaonic monumental buildings in Upper Egypt, Most of these buildings suffer from continuous and different factors of damage; all of these factors combine to form a complex damage mechanism that negatively affects the basic building material used in the temples [3]. The ability of sandstone to absorb moisture from the air or soil allows salt solutions to penetrate its pores, causing physiochemical damage, especially when the dissolved salts crystallise in the stone's pores, causing cracks in the stone's structure due to internal pressures [4]. The dissolved salts react with the sandstone's components, leading to the disintegration and separation of the binding material [5, 6]. When the water evaporates, the interaction products are deposited on the stone surface. Due to the continuous loss of the binding materials of the ...

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“…Personal religious practices take place in different spaces: houses, tiny shrines, and cult places on the outskirts of the large official temples. It is worth noting that in ancient Egypt there were many cult places which are restricted to common people (Clarysse, 2010;Wagner and Quaegebeur, 1973). These private cult's places could be divided into two :…”

Section: Common People Chapels In Ancient Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%