Egyptian Vultures (<i>N<scp>eophron percnopterus</scp></i>) Attack Golden Eagles (<i>A<scp>quila chrysaetos</scp></i>) to Defend their Fledgling

Mateo, Patricia Fanlo; Olea, Pedro P.

doi:10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[339:evnpag]2.0.co;2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…If removing a competitor requires an active search, then the killer should have a clear perception of the derived benefit. This hypothesis seems more plausible in cases where the killer obtains an immediate benefit, such as the removal of a competitor to make an occupied breeding site available. Eliminating a threat (potential killer, predator or very aggressive mobber) to the individual or its offspring may also cause lethal interactions among large vertebrate predators (Klem, Hillegrass & Peters, ; George, ; Palomares & Caro, ; Mateo & Olea, ; Lourenço et al , 2011 a ; Kamler et al , ). Aggressive interactions between large vertebrate species have been reported frequently in the literature, and the perception of a threatening individual seems much more likely than the perception of a competitor, supporting this explanation (Zuberogoitia et al , 2008 a ; Lourenço et al , 2011 a ).…”

Section: The Importance Of Determining the Causes Behind Lethal Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal interactions among vertebrate top predators: a review of concepts, assumptions and terminology

et al. 2013

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Lethal interactions among large vertebrate predators have long interested researchers because of ecological and conservation issues. Research focusing on lethal interactions among vertebrate top predators has used several terms with a broad sense, and also introduced new terminology. We analysed the published literature with reference to the main underlying concepts and the use of terminology and its ecological context. The most frequently used terms in the literature were 'predation', 'intraguild predation', 'interference competition', and 'interspecific killing'. Most studies presented evidence of the killing of the victim (77%), but information regarding its consumption was not given in 48% of cases. More than half of the analysed studies (56%) had no solid information on the degree of competition between interacting species. By reviewing definitions and their underlying assumptions, we demonstrate that lethal interactions among large vertebrate predators could be designated using four terms-'predation', 'intraguild predation', 'interspecific competitive killing', and 'superpredation'-without the need to employ additional terminology that may increase confusion and misuse. For a correct framework of these lethal interactions it is critical to assess if the kill is consumed, if the victim is indeed a competitor of the killer, and if the prey is a high-order predator. However, these elements of the framework are simultaneously the most common constraints to studies of lethal interactions, since they often require a great effort to obtain. The proper use of terms and concepts is fundamental to understanding the causes behind lethal interactions and, ultimately, what is actually happening in these complex interactions.

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Section: The Importance Of Determining the Causes Behind Lethal Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal interactions among vertebrate top predators: a review of concepts, assumptions and terminology

et al. 2013

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“…There are very little data on EVs, but frequent attacks on immature and adult conspecifics, and other cliff-nesters, have been documented near the nest (Mateo and Olea 2007). When considering the potential reaction to UAVs, it should be noted that there is strong evidence that disturbance by cliff-nesting Common Ravens (C orvus corax ) can be correlated with a reduction in breeding success of EVs on the Balkan Peninsula (Oppel et al 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential disturbance effects on the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) for European vultures research: a review and conservation recommendations

Zink

Kmetova-Biro

Agnezy³

et al. 2023

Bird Conservation International

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Summary Vultures are among the most threatened bird guilds on the planet and have a unique functional role within ecosystems. They are therefore subject to increasing research interest, calling for standardised study approaches and monitoring methods. The use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) is rapidly gaining popularity in ecological research due to technological advances, affordability, and accessibility. This study reviews the existing peer-reviewed publications and grey literature on the responses of European vultures and other comparable species to UASs, and summarises the types of UAS use, their potential disturbance effects on vultures, and the resulting inter- and intra-specific interactions. Our goal was to assess the potential effects of UASs and to provide practical recommendations to optimise their safe use in vulture conservation and research. We acknowledge the potential of UASs to increase research efficiency and reduce research effort, time, and financial cost. Owing to the absence of sufficient data on long-term disturbance effects, we advocate the precautionary principle and offer a set of species-tailored practical recommendations to limit the potential negative effects of UASs and maximise their value in conservation management. We urge that the physiological and long-term impacts on vulture reproduction are considered and call for standardised monitoring protocols and controls on UAS use. Our conclusions and recommendations are particularly aimed at researchers working on vulture conservation and restoration projects worldwide.

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“…The Egyptian vulture is a medium‐sized, territorial scavenger distributed from the Mediterranean countries to India and South Africa. The species breeds on cliffs and usually uses the same nest, year after year, actively defending the nesting territory (Mateo & Olea ). The Egyptian vulture is listed as Endangered by the IUCN (BirdLife International 2012a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in risky landscapes: delineating management units in multithreat environments for effective species conservation

Olea

Mateo‐Tomás

2013

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Managing threatened species to reduce their extinction risk is a widely used, yet challenging, means of halting biodiversity loss. Species show complex spatial patterns of extinction risk, due to spatial variation in both threats and vulnerability across their ranges. Conservation practitioners, however, rarely consider this spatial variation and routinely apply uniform conservation schemes, either throughout the species' ranges, or following administrative borders that do not match ecological boundaries. Most of these schemes are experience-based (e.g. expert opinion) and thus difficult to replicate. 2. We accounted for spatial variation in species' threats by using multivariate techniques [i.e. cluster analyses and multidimensional scaling (MDS)] to delineate management units for more effective conservation. We grouped breeding territories of the endangered Egyptian vulture, according to interterritory similarity in presence and intensity of their threats. 3. The first three MDS axes explained 62% of the data variation. The first axis separated territories in protected areas, with low human presence, but high risk of illegal poisoning from areas highly dominated by humans. The second axis classified territories regarding the density of sheep/goats and griffon vultures and the presence of wind farms. The third axis confronted territories in protected areas with those in unprotected areas with wind farms. 4. We obtained 18 statistically supported groups (i.e. management units) including 86% of the territories. Territories within the same group were geographically close, agreeing with the underlying spatial autocorrelation of threats. However, six groups (33%) were distributed over more than one administrative region, which will require inter-regional coordination for cost-effective conservation. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results show wide spatial variation for species' threats and suggest incorporation of this heterogeneity into conservation schemes. We demonstrate how multivariate statistics, coupled with uncertainty analysis, can be employed in a systematic and repeatable way to deal with the heterogeneous landscapes of risk that species face across their ranges. Our approach allows researchers and managers to delineate management units according to similarity in species' threats for any targeted organization level (e.g. individuals, territories, populations). The results can be visualized in Euclidean and geographical spaces for better interpretation, allowing managers to design more effective conservation actions.

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Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus) Attack Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to Defend their Fledgling

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Lethal interactions among vertebrate top predators: a review of concepts, assumptions and terminology

Lethal interactions among vertebrate top predators: a review of concepts, assumptions and terminology

Assessing the potential disturbance effects on the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) for European vultures research: a review and conservation recommendations

Living in risky landscapes: delineating management units in multithreat environments for effective species conservation

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