Ehrlichia ewingii infection and exposure rates in dogs from the southcentral United States

Little, Susan E.; O’Connor, Thomas P.; Hempstead, Julie E.; Saucier, Jill; Reichard, Mason V.; Meinkoth, Katrina R.; Meinkoth, James H.; Andrews, Blaine; Ullom, Steve; Ewing, S. A.; Chandrashekar, Ramaswamy

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.05.006

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Reports of human anaplasmosis cases have also increased in the Northeast in recent years [35,44]. The foci of elevated percent positive test results identified in dogs in western Texas and Oklahoma are mostly likely due to R. sanguineus transmitted infection with A. platys [14,45]. Brown dog ticks are common in this region, remarkably tolerant of arid conditions, and thrive during the 2011–2012 drought in the southcentral United States [46], Little, unpubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine infection with Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in the United States, 2010–2012

Little

Beall

Bowman

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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100

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BackgroundThe geographic distribution of canine infection with vector-borne disease agents in the United States appears to be expanding.MethodsTo provide an updated assessment of geographic trends in canine infection with Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia spp., and Anaplasma spp., we evaluated results from an average of 3,588,477 dogs tested annually by veterinarians throughout the United States from 2010 – 2012.ResultsAs in an earlier summary report, the percent positive test results varied by agent and region, with antigen of D. immitis and antibody to Ehrlichia spp. most commonly identified in the Southeast (2.9% and 3.2%, respectively) and antibody to both B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. most commonly identified in the Northeast (13.3% and 7.1%, respectively) and upper Midwest (4.4% and 3.9%, respectively). Percent positive test results for D. immitis antigen were lower in every region considered, including in the Southeast, than previously reported. Percent positive test results for antibodies to B. burgdorferi and Ehrlichia spp. were higher nationally than previously reported, and, for antibodies to Anaplasma spp., were higher in the Northeast but lower in the Midwest and West, than in the initial report. Annual reports of human cases of Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis were associated with percent positive canine test results by state for each respective tick-borne disease agent (R2 = 0.701, 0.457, and 0.314, respectively). Within endemic areas, percent positive test results for all three tick-borne agents demonstrated evidence of geographic expansion.ConclusionsContinued national monitoring of canine test results for vector-borne zoonotic agents is an important tool for accurately mapping the geographic distribution of these agents, and greatly aids our understanding of the veterinary and public health threats they pose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine infection with Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in the United States, 2010–2012

Little

Beall

Bowman

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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100

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“…A subset (n = 16) of serum samples was also analyzed for specific antibodies to E. canis and E. chaffeensis using speciesspecific peptides in separate microtiter plate-based ELISA format assays (O'Connor et al 2010. Synthetic peptides were derived from the E. canis p16 protein and the tandem repeat unit of the E. chaffeensis variablelength PCR target (VLPT) protein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synthetic peptides were derived from the E. canis p16 protein and the tandem repeat unit of the E. chaffeensis variablelength PCR target (VLPT) protein. Peptides were coated onto microtiter plates and conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as previously described (O'Connor et al 2010). Test samples and peptide:HRP conjugate were added to peptide-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies Reactive toEhrlichiaspp. Are Common in Oklahoma Horses

CarmichaelRobert

DuellJason

HolbrookTodd

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Tick infestations and infection with tick-borne agents are commonly recognized in horses in North America, but equine infection with true Ehrlichia spp. has not been described. To determine the degree to which horses in the south-central United States are naturally exposed to and infected with tick-borne disease agents, serum samples were collected at random (n=240) or from horses with active tick infestations (n=73) and tested by immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for evidence of antibodies reactive to Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Borrelia burgdorferi. Positive samples were further evaluated by species-specific serology for antibodies reactive to E. canis and E. chaffeensis, and whole blood samples were tested by PCR for evidence of infection with E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and an E. ruminantium-like organism referred to as the Panola Mountain Ehrlichia. Antibodies reactive to Ehrlichia spp. were identified in 8.75% (21/240) of the randomly acquired samples and 24.7% (18/73) of the serum samples from tick-infested horses, but species-specific ELISA and PCR failed to confirm exposure to or infection with any known Ehrlichia spp. Antibodies to Anaplasma spp. (5/313; 1.6%) and B. burgdorferi (3/313; 1.0%) were uncommon. These data suggest that horses in the south-central United States are likely exposed to a novel Ehrlichia sp. Further research is needed to identify the etiologic agent responsible for the serologic activity seen and to determine the clinical significance, if any, of this finding.

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“…In general, the risk of tick-borne disease (eg, RMSF, Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis) is greatest from spring through fall, with risk of many of the diseases having a pronounced regionally dependent component. 44,[72][73][74][75] Recommendation: Whenever possible, outdoor events to be held in locations with a high prevalence of tick-borne disease should be scheduled when the risk of tick exposure is lowest (eg, November to March in some regions; category IB).…”

Section: Vector Control and Vector-borne Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk reduction and management strategies to prevent transmission of infectious disease among dogs at dog shows, sporting events, and other canine group settings

Stull¹,

Kasten²,

Evason³

et al. 2016

javma

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Ehrlichia ewingii infection and exposure rates in dogs from the southcentral United States

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

Canine infection with Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in the United States, 2010–2012

Canine infection with Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in the United States, 2010–2012

Antibodies Reactive toEhrlichiaspp. Are Common in Oklahoma Horses

Risk reduction and management strategies to prevent transmission of infectious disease among dogs at dog shows, sporting events, and other canine group settings

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