Eicosanoids and other oxylipins in liver injury, inflammation and liver cancer development

Abstract

Liver cancer is a malignancy developed from underlying liver disease that encompasses liver injury and metabolic disorders. The progression from these underlying liver disease to cancer is accompanied by chronic inflammatory conditions in which liver macrophages play important roles in orchestrating the inflammatory response. During this process, bioactive lipids produced by hepatocytes and macrophages mediate the inflammatory responses by acting as pro-inflammatory factors, as well as, playing roles in the resolution of inflammation conditions. Here, we review the literature discussing the roles of bioactive lipids in acute and chronic hepatic inflammation and progression to cancer.

Multi-tissue profiling of oxylipins reveal a conserved up-regulation of epoxide:diol ratio that associates with white adipose tissue inflammation and liver steatosis in obesity

“…Depending on the type of PUFA they are derived from and the type of primary oxidative enzyme, they can have pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving properties that are also reported in the adipose tissue and liver. 21 , 82 , 83 , 84 In this study, we identify significant changes in the CYP epoxide/diol pathway in the WAT, liver and plasma of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Our results show CYP-derived diols, whether AA, LA or DHA-derived, being prominently reduced in the WAT and plasma of individuals with obesity when compared to lean ones.…”

Targeting Oxidative Stress with Polyphenols to Fight Liver Diseases

“…It is known that this activation pathway is part of an important pathway for the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and it is believed that the inhibition of this signaling pathway could be key to controlling one of the molecular targets potentially associated with LIRI [ 197 , 198 ]. The inflammatory response induced by hepatic damage is, in part, mediated by eicosanoids and other oxylipins that act as proinflammatory factors [ 199 ]. He and colleagues investigated the potential inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway by resveratrol in hepatocytes using in vitro and in vivo models.…”