Eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio and smoking status in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Okada, Kenta; Kotani, Kazuhiko; Yagyu, Hiroaki; Ishibashi, Shun

doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-85

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…15 Although active ingestion of EPA is important for preventing WMH, there is a report that smokers show lower serum EPA levels and EPA/AA ratios than non-smokers. 16 In the present study also, multiple regression analysis carried out to determine the PVH and DWMH grade showed a great influence of the EPA/AA ratio and the current smoking status (Table 4). This result indicates that not only advice on dietary habits, but on the cessation of smoking is important in the prevention of the progression of WMH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…N‐3 and n‐6 PUFA need to be taken from the diet, and blood EPA and DHA levels are in proportion to the amounts of EPA and DHA ingested . Although active ingestion of EPA is important for preventing WMH, there is a report that smokers show lower serum EPA levels and EPA/AA ratios than non‐smokers . In the present study also, multiple regression analysis carried out to determine the PVH and DWMH grade showed a great influence of the EPA/AA ratio and the current smoking status (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

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Correlation between the serum eicosapentanoic acid‐to‐arachidonic acid ratio and the severity of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in older adults with memory disorder

Nagai

Koshiba

Shibata

et al. 2015

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim:The relationships of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), to stroke and cardiovascular events have been studied extensively. The present study was undertaken to analyze the relationships of the severity of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) to the blood polyunsaturated fatty acids level and the ratio of serum EPA level to the serum arachidonic acid (AA) level (EPA/AA ratio) among older adults. Methods:A total of 150 patients underwent diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging and blood sampling under the fasting state. In regard to WMH, the periventricular hyperintensities and deep white matter hyperintensities were rated according to the Fazekas classification. The serum docosahexaenoic acid, EPA, AA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and EPA/AA ratio were compared in relation to the grade of severity of WMH. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was carried out with age, sex and atherosclerosis risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking status) as the covariables, serum polyunsaturated fatty acids level as an independent variable and Fazekas grade as the dependent variable.Results: A rise of the periventricular hyperintensities grade was associated with a significant reduction of the mean EPA level (P < 0.05) and EPA/AA ratio (P < 0.05). The multiple regression analysis identified a significant negative correlation between the periventricular hyperintensities grade and the serum EPA/AA ratio (β = −0.215, P < 0.05). Conclusion:These results suggest that the serum EPA/AA ratio have an important role in the formation and progression of WMH. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15 (Suppl. 1): 48-52.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Correlation between the serum eicosapentanoic acid‐to‐arachidonic acid ratio and the severity of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in older adults with memory disorder

Nagai

Koshiba

Shibata

et al. 2015

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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“…We emphasise the importance of detecting these fatty acids (FAs) in our previous reports 46 48. Lower levels of EPA and higher levels of AA, in either circulating blood or the retina, are associated with some retinopathies, including AMD 49–51. Monitoring such systemic biomarkers during experimental animal investigations or in human trials could provide a good indication of disease progression and treatment success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation protects the retina from age-associated degeneration in aged C57BL/6J mice

Prokopiou

Kolovos²,

Georgiou³

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Ophth

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids in the retina of aged mice when the blood arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio is maintained between 1.0 and 1.5.Methods and analysisAged (24-month-old) wild-type C57BL/6J mice were allocated to two groups: ω3 treated and untreated. Treatment with ω3 was by daily gavage administration of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid for 60 days. Gas chromatography was used to identify and quantify fatty acids in the blood and retina. To count lipofuscin granules and measure the photoreceptor layer, eyecups were examined histologically using transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. We also analysed eyecups using mass spectrometry-based proteomics.ResultsAA levels were lower, and EPA levels were higher, in the blood and retinas of the ω3-treated group than in the untreated group, resulting in a lower AA/EPA ratio. The ω3-treated group also showed significantly fewer lipofuscin granules and a thicker outer nuclear layer than the untreated group. Proteomic analysis revealed significantly greater expression of myelin basic protein, myelin regulatory factor-like protein, myelin proteolipid protein and glial fibrillar acidic protein in the ω3-treated group than in the untreated group. Three different pathways were significantly affected by ω3 treatment: fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and metabolic pathways.ConclusionTwo months of ω3 supplementation (when the blood AA/EPA~1.0–1.5) in aged mice reduced lipofuscin granule formation in the retina and protected the photoreceptor layer, suggesting that ω3 supplementation slows normal age-related retinal degeneration.

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“… 27 The associated improvement in the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, a predictor of CVD risk, 28 may in turn blunt the higher pro-inflammatory AA levels and reduced EPA/AA ratio induced by cigarette smoking. 29 Taken together, the current study raises the possibility that IPE may limit CV-based deleterious effects of cigarette smoking, thereby adding to the growing list of CVD-related benefits attributable to this compound. 30–35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking

Miller

Bhatt

Steg

et al. 2022

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy

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Aims Cigarette smoking is among the most well-established risk factors for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We sought to determine whether icosapent ethyl (IPE), a highly purified form of eicosapentaenoic acid with anti-atherothrombotic properties, may reduce the excessive risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to smoking. Methods and Results REDUCE-IT was a multinational, double-blind trial that randomized 8179 statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides and CV risk to IPE or placebo, with a median follow-up period of 4.9 years. IPE reduced the primary composite endpoint (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) by 25% (P<0.0001). In the current analyses, the effect of IPE was evaluated in REDUCE-IT using post hoc analyses based upon smoking history. Groups were classified as current smokers (n = 1241), former smokers (n = 3672) and never smokers (n = 3264). Compared with placebo, IPE use in combined current and former smokers (n = 4913) was associated with significant reductions in time to the primary composite endpoint (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.68-0.87]; P<0.0001) and in total events (rate ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.61-0.82]; P<0.0001). These benefits remained significant when subdivided into current and former smokers (P = 0.04, P = 0.005), with reductions in the key secondary composite endpoint (P<0.0001) and in the individual components of CV death or nonfatal MI (P = 0.04, P = 0.01) and fatal or nonfatal MI (P = 0.009, P = 0.01), respectively. Benefits were consistent and significant in nonsmokers as well. Overall, there were similar estimated rates of first occurrences of primary CVD endpoints in current smokers (23.8%) and former smokers (23.0%) assigned to IPE compared with never smokers on placebo (25.7%). Conclusion In REDUCE-IT, IPE treatment was associated with reduced risk of CV events in current and former smokers to levels observed in never smokers. While smoking cessation should always be recommended, these data raise the possibility that IPE treatment may attenuate CV hazards attributable to smoking.

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Eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio and smoking status in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Correlation between the serum eicosapentanoic acid‐to‐arachidonic acid ratio and the severity of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in older adults with memory disorder

Correlation between the serum eicosapentanoic acid‐to‐arachidonic acid ratio and the severity of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in older adults with memory disorder

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation protects the retina from age-associated degeneration in aged C57BL/6J mice

Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking

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