Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): an antiinflammatory ω-3 fat with potential clinical applications

Babcock, Tricia A.; Helton, W. Scott; Espat, N. Joseph

doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00392-0

Cited by 109 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A similar irradiation-induced increase in IL-1␤ concentration has been observed in a number of cells and tissues (22,23), and increased circulating IL-1␤ concentration has been reported in patients following radiotherapy for brain tumors (24). In this study, EPA treatment prevented the irradiation-associated increase in IL-1␤ concentration and in other studies, EPA has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties (25,26). Specifically, it has been reported that EPA inhibits production of IL-1␤ by monocytes (27) and IL-6 by macrophages (28).…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 83%

Analysis of Interleukin-1β-induced Cell Signaling Activation in Rat Hippocampus following Exposure to Gamma Irradiation

Lynch

Moore

Craig

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Among the many reported effects of irradiation in cells is activation of the stress-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which has been shown to result in apoptotic cell death. The trigger that leads to JNK activation has not been identified, although, in rat hippocampus at least, irradiation-induced apoptosis has been coupled with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Significantly, irradiation-induced changes in hippocampus are abrogated by treatment of rats with the polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). A close coupling between ROS accumulation and concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) in hippocampus has been reported, and the evidence suggests that IL-1␤ may be responsible for the enhanced ROS production. Here we set out to assess the possibility that whole body ␥-irradiation increases IL-1␤ concentration in hippocampus and to investigate the consequences of such a change. We present evidence that reveals that the irradiation-induced increase in IL-1␤ concentration in hippocampus is accompanied by increased expression of IL-1 type I receptor and IL-1 accessory protein and increased activation of IL-1 receptor-activated kinase. These changes, which were coupled with increased activation of JNK and evidence of apoptotic cell death, were absent in hippocampus of rats that received EPA treatment. Significantly, EPA treatment enhanced hippocampal IL-10 concentration that was inversely correlated with IL-1␤ concentration. The data are consistent with the idea that EPA exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system.

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 83%

Analysis of Interleukin-1β-induced Cell Signaling Activation in Rat Hippocampus following Exposure to Gamma Irradiation

Lynch

Moore

Craig

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The implicit suggestion that endogenous IL-1␤ induces cell death is supported by the finding that IL-1␤ also enhances TUNEL staining in cultured cortical cells, although a comparison of data from two such different experimental conditions must be made with caution. Significantly, treatment with EPA, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties (27,28), prevented the age-related increases in IL-1␤ concentration and TUNEL staining in cortex. These data support the previous finding that fish oils, which contain EPA, reduce production of proinflammatory cytokines in circulating cells (29 -32) and chondrocytes (33) and suppress the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in circulating IL-1␤ (34).…”

Section: Fig 3 the Age-related Increase In Caspase-3 Activity Is MImentioning

confidence: 94%

Apoptotic Changes in the Aged Brain Are Triggered by Interleukin-1β-induced Activation of p38 and Reversed by Treatment with Eicosapentaenoic Acid

Martin

Lonergan

Boland

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

138

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Among the several changes that occur in the aged brain is an increase in the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1␤ that is coupled with a deterioration in cell function. This study investigated the possibility that treatment with the polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid might prevent interleukin-1␤-induced deterioration in neuronal function. Assessment of four markers of apoptotic cell death, cytochrome c translocation, caspase-3 activation, poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and terminal dUTP nick-end staining, revealed an age-related increase in each of these measures, and the evidence presented indicates that treatment of aged rats with eicosapentaenoate reversed these changes as well as the accompanying increases in interleukin-1␤ concentration and p38 activation. The data are consistent with the idea that activation of p38 plays a significant role in inducing the changes described since interleukin-1␤-induced activation of cytochrome c translocation and caspase-3 activation in cortical tissue in vitro were reversed by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. The age-related increases in interleukin-1␤ concentration and p38 activation in cortex were mirrored by similar changes in hippocampus. These changes were coupled with an age-related deficit in long term potentiation in perforant path-granule cell synapses, while eicosapentaenoate treatment was associated with reversal of age-related changes in interleukin-1␤ and p38 and with restoration of long term potentiation. Increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤)1 has been linked with neurodegenerative disorders like Down's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease (1, 2). Consistent with the view that IL-1␤ plays a role in deterioration of cell function are the findings that IL-1␤ expression is increased, in parallel with cell damage, in experimental models of ischemia (3), excitotoxicity (4), and traumatic lesions (5). Indeed, IL-1␤ has been shown to trigger cell death in primary cultures of human fetal neurons (6) and inhibition of caspase-1, which leads to formation of active IL-1␤, and blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in cell morphology, which are consistent with cell death (7).IL-1␤ has been shown to stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (8, 9), and activation of both c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (10, 11) and p38 (10, 12-16) has been closely linked with apoptotic cell death. Significantly, an increase in p38 activity has been coupled with apoptotic changes in Alzheimer's disease (17, 18). Concomitant increases in IL-1␤ concentration and p38 activity have been reported in the aged rat brain (19 -21); in hippocampus these changes are correlated with compromised synaptic function and with an age-related impairment in long term potentiation (LTP) (19 -22), while consistent with the high expression of IL-1␤ and IL-1RI in hippocampus is the finding that the cytokine depresses LTP in dentate gyrus (8,19,20,23,24). Significantly, we have ...

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“…Fish consumption has been increasing due to the nutrients it contains and its benefits for human health and the prevention of wide variety of diseases (Babcock et al, 2000;Carrero et al, 2005). Tilapia fish is the second most common product obtained by fishing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chitosan-carvacrol edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets stored in ice

et al. 2015

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Fish consumption has increased in recent years. However, fish meat is highly perishable, which demonstrates the need for technologies to preserve its quality. Edible coatings (EC) might provide an alternative to extend the shelf life of fish. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of EC of chitosan (C) in combination with carvacrol (CAR) on the physical and microbiological changes of tilapia fillets. Fillets were submerged for two minutes in different treatments (T1: control; T2: C 2%; T3: C 2% + 0.125% CAR; T 4: C 2% + 0.25% CAR). At the end of storage, T1 and T2 showed the lowest values of total volatile bases (TVB). The color parameters L*, a* and b* varied from each treatment. The texture decreased and the different treatments reduced the microbial population in relation to the control; T3 and T4 were the most effective. These results show that the use of C with CAR might be an alternative method to preserve the quality and safety of tilapia fillets.Keywords: chitosan; essential oils; edible coating; tilapia fillets. Practical Application:The use edible coatings of chitosan-carvacrol could be an alternative to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of tilapia fillets.

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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): an antiinflammatory ω-3 fat with potential clinical applications

Cited by 109 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of Interleukin-1β-induced Cell Signaling Activation in Rat Hippocampus following Exposure to Gamma Irradiation

Analysis of Interleukin-1β-induced Cell Signaling Activation in Rat Hippocampus following Exposure to Gamma Irradiation

Apoptotic Changes in the Aged Brain Are Triggered by Interleukin-1β-induced Activation of p38 and Reversed by Treatment with Eicosapentaenoic Acid

Effect of chitosan-carvacrol edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets stored in ice

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