Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits glucose-induced membrane cholesterol crystalline domain formation through a potent antioxidant mechanism

Mason, R. Preston; Jacob, Robert F.

doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.016

Cited by 65 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…When mice were fed the leather carp extract, blood glucose levels increased to near hyperglycemic levels. It is known that hyperglycemia may change the organization of membrane lipids, which is correlated with increased formation of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), an intermediate product of oxidative lipid damage (30). Leather carp extract also increased GPx and SOD antioxidant activities in the blood, which may help protect against oxidative lipid damage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Water Extract of Leather Carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) Improves Exercise Performance in Mice

Lee

Harwanto

Park

et al. 2015

JFN

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ABSTRACT:The hot water extract of leather carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) has been used as a nourishing tonic soup and as an aid for recovery from physical fatigue. In this study, we investigated the effect of leather carp extract on exercise performance in mice. Swimming endurance and forelimb grip strength were assessed following oral administration of the extract (once per day for 7 days) at a dose of 0.5 mg/10 L/g body weight. After 7 days, mice given the leather carp extract had significantly greater swimming endurance [105±18 s (P＜0.05); 52% longer than day 0] and forelimb grip strength [1.18±0.05 Newton (P＜0.01); 17% greater than day 0]. The extract increased muscle mass, but had little effect on body weight. Following the swimming exercise, blood glucose, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels in extract-fed mice were significantly higher (145%, 131%, and 106%, respectively) than in the saline control group. Blood levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also significantly increased (128%) in mice given the extract compared to the controls. These results suggest that leather carp extract can improve physical exercise performance and prevent oxidative stress caused by exhaustive workouts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Water Extract of Leather Carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) Improves Exercise Performance in Mice

Lee

Harwanto

Park

et al. 2015

JFN

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“…In addition, EPA has been associated with decreased expression of genes involved in the NF-κB pathway [28]. Other antiatherosclerotic mechanisms of EPA include antioxidant effects of EPA in both lipoproteins and cell membranes, including the inhibition of cholesterol crystalline domains [18,[29][30][31]. Beneficial effects of EPA on atherosclerotic plaque have been demonstrated in preclinical studies as well as multiple clinical studies and are described in more detail in the next section.…”

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Epa In the Atherosclerotic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPA has been shown to increase the levels of nitric oxide and improve endothelial and vascular function [14,[16][17][18] and have beneficial effects on monocytes and macrophages, including decreased adhesion of monocytes, decreased macrophage accumulation, and decreased foam cell accumulation [19][20][21][22]. Anti-inflammatory effects of EPA include beneficial modulation of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels [23,24] and reduction of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels [11].…”

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Epa In the Atherosclerotic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can pleiotropic effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) impact residual cardiovascular risk?

Nelson¹,

True

et al. 2017

Postgraduate Medicine

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Residual cardiovascular (CV) risk persists even in statin-treated patients with optimized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Other pathways beyond cholesterol contribute to CV risk and the key to reducing residual risk may be addressing non-cholesterol risk factors through pleiotropic mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature relating to the potential role of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in reducing residual CV risk. The literature shows that EPA can robustly lower plasma triglyceride (TG) levels without raising LDL-C levels and documents EPA to have a broad range of beneficial effects on the atherosclerotic pathway, including those on lipids, lipoproteins, inflammation, oxidation, phospholipid membranes, and the atherosclerotic plaque itself. Clinical imaging studies have consistently demonstrated that EPA decreases plaque vulnerability and prevents plaque progression. The evidence therefore points to a potential role for EPA to reduce residual CV risk. A large randomized study of statin-treated Japanese patients demonstrated that EPA ethyl ester reduced major coronary events by 19% (P = 0.011). However, while there has been significant benefit demonstrated in this and another Japanese CV outcomes study, the question as to whether EPA can play a role in reducing residual CV risk remains to be addressed in broader populations. The large, global, ongoing, randomized, placebo-controlled REDUCE-IT study of high-risk statin-treated patients with persistent hypertriglyceridemia is currently underway to investigate the potential of icosapent ethyl (high-purity prescription EPA ethyl ester) as an add-on therapy to reduce residual CV risk. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…EPA also exhibited antioxidant effects in human umbilical vein and glomerular endothelial cells, where it improved the balance between nitric oxide and peroxynitrite [69,70]. These antioxidant effects are thought to be due to intercalation of EPA into the membrane lipid bilayer [68]. …”

Section: Eicosapentaenoic Acid As a Potential Therapeutic Approach Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPA inhibited lipid peroxidation in membrane vesicles with normal or elevated cholesterol levels as well as glucose-induced pathologic changes in the structural organization of membrane lipids, including development of cholesterol crystalline domains [67,68]. EPA also exhibited antioxidant effects in human umbilical vein and glomerular endothelial cells, where it improved the balance between nitric oxide and peroxynitrite [69,70].…”

Section: Eicosapentaenoic Acid As a Potential Therapeutic Approach Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosapentaenoic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis: A Review

Borow¹,

Mason

Vijayaraghavan

2017

Cardiorenal Med

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Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis have excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden with substantially increased CV event rates compared with the general population. Summary: Traditional interventions that, according to standard clinical guidelines, reduce CV risk such as antihypertensive therapy, diet, exercise, and statins are not similarly effective in the hemodialysis population. This raises the question of whether additional risk factors, such as enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress, may drive the increased CVD burden in hemodialysis patients. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is incorporated into the atherosclerotic plaque as well as membrane phospholipid bilayers and produces beneficial effects on inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression. EPA levels and the ratio of EPA to the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) are reduced in hemodialysis patients. Serum EPA levels have been inversely correlated with proinflammatory cytokines, and the EPA/AA ratio has been inversely associated with CV events in hemodialysis cohorts. Three recent studies involving over 800 hemodialysis patients and follow-up of 2-3 years suggest that EPA therapy may improve clinical outcomes in this patient population as evidenced by significant reductions in cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and/or CV events. Key Messages: Further studies with high-purity EPA are warranted in patients on hemodialysis, especially given the fact that other interventions including antihypertensives, diet, exercise, and statins have not provided meaningful benefit.

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Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits glucose-induced membrane cholesterol crystalline domain formation through a potent antioxidant mechanism

Cited by 65 publications

References 63 publications

Hot Water Extract of Leather Carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) Improves Exercise Performance in Mice

Hot Water Extract of Leather Carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) Improves Exercise Performance in Mice

Can pleiotropic effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) impact residual cardiovascular risk?

Eicosapentaenoic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis: A Review

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