Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits prostaglandin D₂ generation by inhibiting cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 in cultured human mast cells

Abstract

Pre-incubation with EPA primarily affects the COX-2 pathway in cultured human mast cells and reduces PGD2 generation in response to IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation. These findings suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 have different substrate flow systems in mast cells. They also suggest that endogenous EPA diet supplementation would reduce PGD2 production and could serve as an anti-inflammatory substrate in human mast cells.

Role of Cyclooxygenase 2 in Protein Kinase C βII-mediated Colon Carcinogenesis

“…7, because there is abundant evidence that dietary -3 fatty acids prevent azoxymethane-induced elevation of Cox-2 expression in the colonic epithelium (24). -3 fatty acids such as EPA have been shown in some cell systems to inhibit Cox-2 activity (44,45). However, our data indicate that EPA does not induce TGF-␤RII expression in RIE/PKC␤II cells through inhibiton of Cox-2 for the following reasons.…”

Fatty Acid Composition of Cultured Fibroblasts Derived from Healthy Nasal Mucosa and Nasal Polyps

“…When omega-3 exists in high amounts in cells, it can decrease the levels of AA in the membranes of inflammatory cells, so there will be less substrate available for the synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids [6,29]. In addition, EPA competitively inhibits the oxygenation of AA by cyclooxygenases [30]. Overall, by means of various mechanisms, omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the production of prostanoids such as PGE 2 .…”

The effects of short-term fish oil supplementation on pulmonary function and airway inflammation following a high-fat meal

“…Two omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA can replace arachidonic acid in the plasma membrane of inflammatory cells (Gibney and Hunter 1993;Sperling et al 1993;Endres et al 1989;Lee et al 1985;De Caterina et al 1994;Meydani et al 1993;Mickleborough et al 2006) and competitively inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism (Endres et al 1989;Lee et al 1985;Obata et al 1999). Individuals experimentally supplemented with fish oil capsules or fed a controlled high-fish diet demonstrate a decreased capacity to produce several inflammatory mediators (Caughey et al 1996;Endres et al 1989;Gallai et al 1995;Kinsella et al 1990;Lewis et al 1990;Meydani et al 1993;Sadeghi et al 1999).…”

“…As such, individuals from populations traditionally with this type of diet have a high percentage of the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid and very low fractions of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) within their inflammatory cells (Gibney and Hunter 1993;Sperling et al 1993). However, dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids increases the fraction of omega-3s EPA and docosahezaenoic acid (DHA) within the plasma membrane of cells (De Caterina et al 1994;Kew et al 2004;Meydani et al 1993;Mickleborough et al 2006;Mickleborough et al 2003;Sperling et al 1993) which subsequently produces less biologically active inflammatory mediators (Calder 2003;Obata et al 1999). …”