Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementations Reduce Platelet Aggregation and Hemostatic Markers Differentially in Men and Women

Phang, Melinda; Lincz, Lisa F.; Garg, Manohar L.

doi:10.3945/jn.112.171249

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…32,33 Diverse protective effects in men and women may also involve, for example, platelet aggregation, which may be inhibited in a sex-specific manner by VLC n-3 PUFA supplementation. 34,35 Further research is needed to establish whether the sex-specific associations observed between various n-3 PUFAs and outcomes are explained by differences in diet, biology (eg, estrogens), PUFA metabolism, CVD pathogenesis, or a combination of these.Serum EPA and DHA showed inverse associations with allcause mortality in both sexes. In accordance, VLC n-3 PUFAs in total plasma and plasma phospholipids were inversely associated with sudden cardiac death and with all-cause mortality, respectively, in 2 separate American cohorts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated Fat Intake Estimated by Circulating Biomarkers and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort of 60-Year-Old Men and Women

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-High intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Large, prospective studies including both sexes and circulating PUFAs as dietary biomarkers are needed. We investigated sex-specific associations of the major dietary PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, docohexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid, with incident CVD and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort. Methods and Results-PUFAs in serum cholesterol esters were measured at baseline in 60-year-old Swedish women (n=2193) and men (n=2039). With the use of national registers, 484 incident CVD events (294 men and 190 women) and 456 all-cause deaths (265 men and 191 women) were identified during follow-up (median, 14.5 years) in individuals without prior CVD at baseline. Associations of PUFAs with CVD and mortality were evaluated with Cox proportional hazard models. In multivariable-adjusted models, 1-SD increases in eicosapentaenoic acid and docohexaenoic acid were associated with lower risk of incident CVD among women (hazard ratio PUFAs seem to have selective roles in the development of CVD, whereas possible influences on non-CVD outcomes are less clear. 9 Dietary intake of EPA, DHA, LA, and, to a lesser extent, ALA is reflected in the FA composition in serum cholesteryl esters (CEs); thus, the proportions of these PUFAs in CEs can be used as biomarkers to assess the intake of the respective PUFA.[10-12 Accordingly, FA composition (especially EPA, DHA, and LA) in CEs correlates well with self-reported FA intake in both Swedish 13 and other cohorts.14 Several prospective cohort and nested case-control studies have used serum CE FAs as a biomarker of dietary fat and investigated possible relationships with risks of all-cause and CVD mortality, 15 fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), 16 and incidences of CHD, 17 heart failure, 18 and stroke. 19,20 Among middle-aged Swedish men, a 1-SD increase (5.2%) in serum CE LA was associated with 13% and 15% lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively, whereas no significant associations were observed for serum CE EPA, DHA, or ALA. In addition, a recent meta-analysis suggested that CE LA is associated with a lower risk of fatal CHD, whereas no such associations have been observed for n-3 PUFAs. 16 However, previous studies investigating relationships between serum CE PUFAs and CVD-related outcomes have included predominantly men, although men and women may differ in CVD risks and mortality. 21 Thus, identification of possible sex-specific associations might have been hampered by the limited number of women.Furthermore, recent studies have reported inverse associations of both n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in plasma phospholipid with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and with incident CVD in a US cohort of older men and women. 22,23 This study investigated associations between biomarkers of PUFA intake (EPA, DHA, LA, and ALA) in serum CEs and incident CVD and all-cause mortality in men and women, separately and combined, in a ...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated Fat Intake Estimated by Circulating Biomarkers and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort of 60-Year-Old Men and Women

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This research was extended to include the acute effects of supplementation with EPA-or DHA-rich oils on circulating platelet microparticle levels and activity in healthy subjects. EPA and DHA were found to exert gender dependent effects on platelet aggregation and platelet microparticle activity, but not on platelet microparticle levels (Phang, Lincz, & Garg, 2013). At 24 hours post supplementation both EPA and DHA reduced platelet aggregation relative to placebo whereas only EPA reduced platelet microparticle activity.…”

Section: Wwwccsenetorg/jfrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Regulation

Phelan¹,

Kerins²

2014

JFR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid abnormalities, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, are cardiovascular risk factors that are frequently present in patients with obesity. Haemostatic and fibrinolytic disturbances are also considered to be important risk factors for CVD hence, a potential link between CVD, obesity and the metabolic syndrome arises. Regulation of the fibrinolytic system can occur at the level of plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). PAI-1, a glycoprotein, is one of the most important inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Regulation of this serine protease inhibitor may have a beneficial effect on other conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome. Human adipose tissue is a source of PAI-1. PAI-1 production may in turn be controlled by a number of hormones and cytokines which are secreted by adipose tissue in addition to dietary factors. In this review we summarise the current knowledge regarding the role of altered fibrinolytic function in obesity, CVD and hence the metabolic syndrome. Regulatory factors including different dietary components, weight loss and dietary intervention will also be discussed.

show abstract

“…There is an obvious difference in the prevalence of CVD between males and females (Castelli, 1984, Kuhn and Rackley, 1993, Njolstad et al, 1996, and the risk of CVD has also been shown to increase with age in both males and females (Castelli, 1984, Tunstall-Pedoe et al, 1994, Rich-Edwards et al, 1995. To date, the majority of studies have established the cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFA in adult life Kelley, 2010, Massaro et al, 2008), and only a handful of studies have reported the sex specific effects of n-3 PUFA (Phang et al, 2009, Phang et al, 2013.…”

Section: Mechanisms By Which N-3 Pufa Regulate Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the majority of studies have established the cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFA in adult life Kelley, 2010, Massaro et al, 2008), and a handful of studies have also reported the sex-specific effects of n-3 PUFA (Phang et al, 2009, Phang et al, 2013. However, no study has comprehensively elucidated the possible interactions of sex, age, and n-3 PUFA on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid metabolism and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease: implication of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Balogun

2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complicated and multifarious disease, and is the number cause of mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of CVD is attributed to the interaction between genetics and environment. There are numerous data that support the cardioprotective properties of omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); however, there are also controversial reports. Considering the reported sex and age differences in the pathophysiology of CVD and the metabolism of n-3 PUFA, it is imperative to consider these factors in the cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFA. The main objective of the current thesis was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA on the risk factors of CVD such as dyslipidaemia and obesity, with particular focus on how sex, age and dose of n-3 PUFA affect lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The set of experiments presented in this thesis was investigated using the C57BL/6 mouse strain which has been established as a mouse model of choice for the study of diet-induced pathological conditions of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins of mice offspring at weaning and 16 weeks postweaning were chosen as study outcomes to assess the sex, age and dose-specific effects of n-3 PUFA on markers of dyslipidaemia, a well-known risk factor of CVD. It was observed that a longer exposure to a postnatal diet high in n-3 PUFA increased plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the offspring in a sex-specific manner; however, the profile of this increase was less atherogenic , as the high n-3 PUFA group had a lower plasma concentration of very small LDL-particles in both males and females. There was no effect of high n-3 PUFA diet observed on plasma concentration of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c); however, the high n-3 PUFA group had a higher cholesterol efflux in the male offspring but not in female offspring, further demonstrating the effect of sex on cholesterol metabolism. Lipidomic analyses revealed that high n-3 PUFA diet iii led to higher hepatic and plasma concentrations of n-3 PUFA-containing bioactive lipids such a phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and free fatty acids, which could positively influence pathways involved in cardioprotection. The effects of dietary n-3 PUFA on obesity at the cellular level was also investigated, using adipocyte hypertrophy as the outcome measure of adipose tissue enlargement. A diet high in n-3 PUFA prevented adipocyte hypertrophy in males, with no effect in females. High n-3 PUFA diet also led to the downregulation of the mRNA expression of acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor protein γ (PPARγ), and leptin in males, which are key proteins involved in adipocyte hypertrophy; however no effect was observed in females. The last study assessed the effects of dose and duration of exposure to dietary n-3 PUFA on DHA accretion in the brain, and the expression of neurotrophins kn...

show abstract

Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementations Reduce Platelet Aggregation and Hemostatic Markers Differentially in Men and Women

Cited by 60 publications

References 51 publications

Polyunsaturated Fat Intake Estimated by Circulating Biomarkers and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort of 60-Year-Old Men and Women

Polyunsaturated Fat Intake Estimated by Circulating Biomarkers and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort of 60-Year-Old Men and Women

The Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Regulation

Lipid metabolism and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease: implication of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About