EIGER. III. JWST/NIRCam Observations of the Ultraluminous High-redshift Quasar J0100+2802

Eilers, Anna–Christina; Simcoe, Robert A.; Yue, Minghao; Mackenzie, Ruari; Matthee, Jorryt; Ďurovčíková, Dominika; Kashino, Daichi; Bordoloi, Rongmon; Lilly, S. J.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd776

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…SDSS J0100+2802 is also a target of the Guaranteed Time Observation program (Proposal ID: 1243, PI: Lilly) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Eilers et al (2023) present the NIRCam F115W, F200W, and F356W imaging of SDSS J0100 +2802, finding no evidence of strong lensing with separation larger than 0 05. The JWST observation is consistent with the HST images reported in this work and rules out the lensing model suggested by Fujimoto et al (2020).…”

Section: Additional Notes On Sdss J0100+2802mentioning

confidence: 84%

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Detecting and Characterizing Young Quasars. III. The Impact of Gravitational Lensing Magnification

Yue

Eilers

Simcoe

et al. 2023

ApJ

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We test the impact of gravitational lensing on the lifetime estimates of seven high-redshift quasars at redshift z ≳ 6. The targeted quasars are identified by their small observed proximity zone sizes, which indicate extremely short quasar lifetimes (t Q ≲ 105yr). However, these estimates of quasar lifetimes rely on the assumption that the observed luminosities of the quasars are intrinsic and not magnified by gravitational lensing, which would bias the lifetime estimates toward younger ages. In order to test the possible effects of gravitational lensing, we obtain high-resolution images of the seven quasars with the Hubble Space Telescope and look for signs of strong lensing. We do not find any evidence of strong lensing, i.e., all quasars are well described by point sources, and no foreground lensing galaxy is detected. We estimate that the strong-lensing probabilities for these quasars are extremely small (∼1.4 × 10−5) and show that weak lensing changes the estimated quasar lifetimes by only ≲0.2 dex. We thus confirm that the short lifetimes of these quasars are intrinsic. The existence of young quasars indicates a high obscured fraction, radiatively inefficient accretion, and/or flickering lightcurves for high-redshift quasars. We further discuss the impact of lensing magnification on measurements of black hole masses and Eddington ratios of quasars.

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Section: Additional Notes On Sdss J0100+2802mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…. We follow the method in Eilers et al (2023) to obtain P(t Q |M int , R p ) and P (R p ). Briefly speaking, P(t Q |M int , R p ) is calculated using the RT simulations, and P(R p ) is determined by the redshift uncertainties of the quasars.…”

Section: Impact Of Lensing Magnification On Quasar Lifetime Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Characterizing Young Quasars. III. The Impact of Gravitational Lensing Magnification

Yue

Eilers

Simcoe

et al. 2023

ApJ

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“…Recently, JWST observations of z  6 quasars show that five out of eight objects have   1 Fe , which is significantly stronger than local PG quasars on average (Yang et al 2023). However, the quasar J0100+2802 has weak Fe II lines (Eilers et al 2023). This probably implies that we might have seen episodic production of iron depending on quasar ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Star Formation in Self-gravitating Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei. III. Efficient Production of Iron and Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions

Wang,

Zhai,

et al. 2023

ApJ

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Strong iron lines are a common feature of the optical spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars from z ∼ 6−7 to the local universe, and [Fe/Mg] ratios do not show cosmic evolution. During active episodes, accretion disks surrounding supermassive black holes (SMBHs) inevitably form stars in the self-gravitating part, and these stars accrete with high accretion rates. In this paper, we investigate the population evolution of accretion-modified stars (AMSs) to produce iron and magnesium in AGNs. The AMSs, as a new type of star, are allowed to have any metallicity but without significant loss from stellar winds, since the winds are choked by the dense medium of the disks and return to the core stars. Mass functions of the AMS population show a pile-up or cutoff pile-up shape in top-heavy or top-dominant forms if the stellar winds are strong, consistent with the narrow range of supernovae (SNe) explosions driven by the known pair-instability. This provides an efficient way to produce metals. Meanwhile, SN explosions support an inflated disk as a dusty torus. Furthermore, the evolving top-heavy initial mass functions lead to bright luminosity in infrared bands in dusty regions. This contributes a new component in infrared bands, which is independent of the emissions from the central part of accretion disks, appearing as a long-term trending of the NIR continuum compared to optical variations. Moreover, the model can be further tested through reverberation mapping of emission lines, including LIGO/LISA detections of gravitational waves and signatures from spatially resolved observations of GRAVITY+/VLTI.

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“…Therefore, to develop a more complete theoretical understanding, we need comprehensive sampling of the entire range of luminosities and hence BH masses powering quasars and their associated hosts. Additionally, we are yet to have detectors with the appropriate spectral sensitivity to capture emission from the early dusty universe, a situation that has just started to alter with new data trickling in from JWST (Eilers et al 2023). Our pilot project work presented here targets early epochs and aims to provide a framework for making predictions for the properties of accreting black holes that have lower luminosities than the currently detected population of high-redshift quasars.…”

Section: Current Understanding Of Bh-galaxy-halo Coevolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The targeted Rubin AGN Survey, in particular, is expected to uncover N ∼ 10 7 optical quasars (LSST Science Collaboration et al 2009) from the near to the distant universe. JWST 19 has instruments with sensitivity in the mid-, near-, and far-infrared wavelengths (ranging from ∼1-30 μm), and has started opening up an entirely new window into the early universe, revealing populations of early BHs and the first galaxies (Eilers et al 2023). With accumulating JWST data in the coming years, earlier theoretical predictions stand to be tested (Pacucci et al 2016;Natarajan et al 2017;Barrow et al 2018).…”

Section: The Current Data Landscape For Quasarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

QUOTAS: A New Research Platform for the Data-driven Discovery of Black Holes

Natarajan¹,

Tang²,

McGibbon³

et al. 2023

ApJ

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We present QUOTAS, a novel research platform for the data-driven investigation of supermassive black hole (SMBH) populations. While SMBH data—observations and simulations—have grown in complexity and abundance, our computational environments and tools have not matured commensurately to exhaust opportunities for discovery. To explore the BH, host galaxy, and parent dark matter halo connection—in this pilot version—we assemble and colocate the high-redshift, z > 3 quasar population alongside simulated data at the same cosmic epochs. As a first demonstration of the utility of QUOTAS, we investigate correlations between observed Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars and their hosts with those derived from simulations. Leveraging machine-learning algorithms (ML), to expand simulation volumes, we show that halo properties extracted from smaller dark-matter-only simulation boxes successfully replicate halo populations in larger boxes. Next, using the Illustris-TNG300 simulation that includes baryonic physics as the training set, we populate the larger LEGACY Expanse dark-matter-only box with quasars, and show that observed SDSS quasar occupation statistics are accurately replicated. First science results from QUOTAS comparing colocated observational and ML-trained simulated data at z3 are presented. QUOTAS demonstrates the power of ML, in analyzing and exploring large data sets, while also offering a unique opportunity to interrogate theoretical assumptions that underpin accretion and feedback models. QUOTAS and all related materials are publicly available at the Google Kaggle platform. (The full data set—observational data and simulation data—are available at: https://www.kaggle.com/ and the codes are available at:https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/quotasplatform/quotas)

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EIGER. III. JWST/NIRCam Observations of the Ultraluminous High-redshift Quasar J0100+2802

Cited by 34 publications

References 61 publications

Detecting and Characterizing Young Quasars. III. The Impact of Gravitational Lensing Magnification

Detecting and Characterizing Young Quasars. III. The Impact of Gravitational Lensing Magnification

Star Formation in Self-gravitating Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei. III. Efficient Production of Iron and Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions

QUOTAS: A New Research Platform for the Data-driven Discovery of Black Holes

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