Eight Methods for Ventilating Confined Honeybee Colonies During the Application of Insecticides

Al-Fattah, M. A. Abd; El-Shemy, A. A. M.

doi:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101222

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Water consumption by honeybee colonies has been assessed using confined of colonies provided with a source of water within the hive. Average water consumption per colony (7-13 combs of bees with pollen and nectar present)) when it is unconfined was 0.11-0.14 L in colonies over a 36 hr period and 0.175-0.273 L over a 72 hour period (Al-Fattah and El-Shemy, 1990) when outside air temperatures were 35-41 o C. Assuming a colony of 10 combs of bees represents 21,000 bees and of these approx 30% will be foragers (Harbo, 1986) then the consumption over a 24 hrs period equates to collection of 10-14 µl/forager.…”

Section: Water Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between pesticides and other factors in effects on bees

Thompson

2012

EFS3

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Bees are important pollinators of both managed crops and wild flora. An overview of the interactions between pesticides and other factors in effects on bees considered: 1) The importance of the different exposure routes in relation to the overall exposure of bees to pesticides; 2) Multiple exposure to pesticides (including substances used in bee medication) and potential additive and cumulative effects; and 3) Interactions between diseases and susceptibility of bees to pesticides. Nectar foraging bees are likely to experienced highest exposure to both sprayed and systemic seed and soil treatments compounds followed by nurse and brood-attending bees. In both cases the major contribution to exposure was contaminated nectar with direct overspray playing a significant role in exposure. However, there are a variety of other routes (and other bee species) where there is currently insufficient data to fully total exposure: There are a large number of studies that have investigated the interactions between pesticides in bees. By far the majority have related to the interactions involving EBI fungicides and can be related to their inhibition of P450. The scale of the synergy is shown to be dose and season-dependent in acute exposures but there are few data relating to the effect of time between exposures, the effect of route of exposure or on chronic exposure effects at realistic exposure levels. There are a wide range of factors which affect the immunocompetence of bees including diet quality, pest and diseases. Although there are a limited number of laboratory based studies which suggest effects of a pesticide on disease susceptibility there is no clear evidence from field-based studies that exposure of colonies to pesticides results in increased susceptibility to disease or that there is a link between colony loss due to disease and pesticide residues in monitoring studies. KEY WORDSHoneybees, bumble bees, pesticides, disease, mixtures, synergism DISCLAIMERThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author. This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author, awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author. This task has been carried out exclusively by the author in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as...

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Section: Water Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between pesticides and other factors in effects on bees

Thompson

2012

EFS3

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Eight Methods for Ventilating Confined Honeybee Colonies During the Application of Insecticides

Cited by 1 publication

References 5 publications

Interaction between pesticides and other factors in effects on bees

Interaction between pesticides and other factors in effects on bees

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