Eight seventeenth-century decorative paintings - one painter?

Olstad, Tone M.; Solberg, Kristin Elisabeth

doi:10.1179/sic.1998.43.supplement-1.175

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The variation in the distemper décors' tonality was often achieved through pigment mixtures [1], with the colorant ranging from inorganic (e.g., ochre and minium) to organic (e.g., kermes or madder lake) [4]. To date, pigment characterization has focused on both Norwegian secular buildings and churches [3,5], with 10 pigments being chemically identified (Table S1, see Supplementary Material). The pigments of Heddal and Eidsborg stave church have yet to be fully characterized; however, pigment assumptions have been reported [6][7][8] (Table S2, see Supplementary Material).…”

Section: Stave Church Palettementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary technique used by 17th century Norwegian stave church artists has been confirmed as distemper, where the main binding material is an animal-based adhesive, which is occasionally modified [3]. In this previous study, chemical characterization was only performed on specimens from three stave churches: Nore, Rollag, and Uvdal (see triangles in Figure 1).…”

Section: Binding Media Of Stave Church Artistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these remaining stave churches only two-thirds still have a decorative polychrome wooden interior; throughout the centuries wall paintings were washed away, removed, or even overpainted, depending on what was in fashion [1,2]. The majority of these remaining paintings date from the 17th and 18th centuries, and were rendered in a distemper technique [3]. The present study provides for the first time characterization of materials used within the polychrome wall paintings of two of the remaining Norwegian stave churches, Eidsborg and Heddal, whilst also adding to new knowledge about the wall painting technique used in Norwegian stave churches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multi-Analytical Approach for the Characterization of Seventeenth Century Decorative Wall Paintings in Two Norwegian Stave Churches: A Case Study at Eidsborg and Heddal, Norway

et al. 2021

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The presented research examines 17th century distemper paint from the polychrome wooden interiors of two Norwegian stave churches: Eidsborg and Heddal. For the first time, the inorganic and organic components of specimens from Eidsborg and Heddal were identified using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM)—Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization. This multi-analytical approach allowed for the identification of red ochre as the main red pigment within the topcoat (with the possible addition of minium), confirmed that a chalk basecoat was used, and finally permitted the recognition of alteration phases. Markers of proteinaceous material attributed to the use of animal-based glues were detected throughout the stratigraphic layers of both churches, with the addition of linseed oil in some locations. Furthermore, the wood substrate showed markers characteristic of pine tree, with contamination of wood fractions being detected in some of the paint samples from Heddal and Eidsborg. This research has contributed to a better understanding of the current preservation state of Heddal and Eidsborg, and ultimately assisted in developing a deeper comprehension and awareness of materials used in Norwegian stave churches.

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Section: Stave Church Palettementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Binding Media Of Stave Church Artistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multi-Analytical Approach for the Characterization of Seventeenth Century Decorative Wall Paintings in Two Norwegian Stave Churches: A Case Study at Eidsborg and Heddal, Norway

et al. 2021

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“…Distemper paint is a water-based material made from pigments mixed with animal glue as the main binder. However, analyses of 17th century paintings revealed that casein, egg, and oil are sometimes added to the glue binder [12]. Analyses carried out at the end of the 1990s identified casein or egg, however, this has yet to be confirmed by later studies.…”

Section: Distemper Paintings: Its Characteristics and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of Distemper Painting: Indoor Monitoring Tools for Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Kvernes Stave Church

Olstad

Ørnhøi

Jernæs

et al. 2020

Climate

Self Cite

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During the Medieval period, over 1000 stave churches were thought to have been constructed in Norway. However, currently, only 28 of these churches remain and only 19 still have distemper wall paintings. The cultural significance of these structures, and more specifically their elaborate distemper wall paintings, has changed over time, as have the means and methods for preserving these monuments. Deeper knowledge of the current state of these structures, along with environmental monitoring and modeling will open the way to a better understanding of preservation. This paper presents a case study for unheated Norwegian wooden churches based on data collected from Kvernes stave church. There are three aims for this paper: (i) to describe the typical indoor conditions similar to the historic climate of stave churches; (ii) determine the common characteristics of distemper paint found within stave churches; (iii) and develop a risk assessment tool to evaluate the climate-induced risk factors in stave churches. The outcome of this work will contribute to research performed within the Sustainable Management of Heritage Buildings in a Long-term Perspective (SyMBoL) project which aims to develop a better understanding of climate induced risks for stave churches, and ultimately to better manage environmental risk.

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“…In the following sections, a systematic approach is presented for exploring the capacity of micro-and nano-sensitive methods in characterising seventeenth-century distemper paints from a Norwegian stave church. To date, a limited number of chemical studies have been performed on these materials (Olstad 2016;Olstad and Ørnhøi 2017;Freeman et al 2021;Lehne et al 2019), and consequently, the painting technique and artists' palette has mainly been elucidated through the combination of visual assessments (Wedvik 2009;Wedvik 2008;Solberg, Norsted, and Spaarschuh 2007) and literary sources (Olstad 2016;Olstad and Ørnhøi 2017;Olstad and Ørnhøi 2014;Olstad and Solberg 1998). Distemper paints applied to the wooden walls of stave churches are thinly painted, multi-layered, highly porous, and heterogeneous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscale Physical and Mechanical Analyses of Distemper Paint: A Case Study of Eidsborg Stave Church, Norway

Freeman

Fujisawa

Bridarolli

et al. 2021

Studies in Conservation

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This study focuses on the use of micro-sensitive methodsnanoindentation, dynamic water vapour sorption, and X-ray microtomographyto examine the physical properties of small volumes of artists' materials. The novel methodology proposed in this paper was tested on laboratory-prepared chalk-based ground samples and subsequently applied to distemper paint samples taken from the polychrome walls of Eidsborg stave church. This article discusses key parameters that can be used to inform macro-sized mock-ups mimicking physical and mechanical behaviour of artistic materials, and highlights limitations of such an approach for highly heterogeneous paint systems. Dynamic water vapour sorption measurements allowed determination of the pigment volume concentration (PVC) of distemper paint from Eidsborg stave church as 95%. To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first assessment of PVC for historic distemper paint using a non-destructive experimental technique, which can be extended to other hygroscopic samples of known composition.

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Eight seventeenth-century decorative paintings - one painter?

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

A Multi-Analytical Approach for the Characterization of Seventeenth Century Decorative Wall Paintings in Two Norwegian Stave Churches: A Case Study at Eidsborg and Heddal, Norway

A Multi-Analytical Approach for the Characterization of Seventeenth Century Decorative Wall Paintings in Two Norwegian Stave Churches: A Case Study at Eidsborg and Heddal, Norway

Preservation of Distemper Painting: Indoor Monitoring Tools for Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Kvernes Stave Church

Microscale Physical and Mechanical Analyses of Distemper Paint: A Case Study of Eidsborg Stave Church, Norway

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