Eight-Week Low-Intensity Squat Training at Slow Speed Simultaneously Improves Knee and Hip Flexion and Extension Strength

Akagi, Ryota; Sato, Shinya; Hirata, Naoya; Imaizumi, Naoto; Tanimoto, Hiroki; Ando, Ryosuke; Ema, Ryoichi; Hirata, Kosuke

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00893

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similar findings were noted by Earp et al [ 12 ] and Zabaleta-Korta et al [ 13 ], where parallel squat RT resulted only in an increase in CSA of the vasti muscles, suggesting that for targeting the RF muscle, single-joint exercises may be a better option [ 14 ]. However, some of the recent studies have reported opposite results [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Wilson et al [ 16 ] investigated the effects of different RT exercise prescriptions (squat vs. deadlift vs. hip thrust) on VL and RF muscle thickness and found that all training modalities increased the size of tested muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Back Squat Exercise Lead to Regional Hypertrophy among Quadriceps Femoris Muscles?

Kojić

Ranisavljev

Obradovic

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The present study investigated effects of squat resistance training on intermuscular hypertrophy of quadriceps femoris muscles (i.e., rectus femoris, RF; vastus intermedius, VI; vastus medialis, VM; and vastus lateralis, VL). Eighteen university students (age: 24.1 ± 1.7 years, 9 females) underwent 7 weeks of parallel squat training (2 days/week) preceded by a 2-week familiarization period. Squat strength (1RM) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of four quadriceps muscles were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. At posttest, 1RM and CSA of quadriceps muscles significantly increased (p < 0.01), with moderate-to-large effect (ES = 1.25–2.11) for 1RM (8.33 ± 6.64 kg), VM CSA (0.12 ± 0.08 cm2), and VL CSA (0.19 ± 0.09 cm2) and small effect (ES = 0.89–1.13) for RF CSA (0.17 ± 0.15 cm2) and VI CSA (0.16 ± 0.18 cm2). No significant differences were found in the changes of CSA between muscles (F = 0.638, p = 0.593). However, the squat 1RM gain was significantly associated only with the changes in CSA of the VL muscle (r = 0.717, p < 0.001). The parallel squat resulted in significant growth of all quadriceps muscles. However, the novelty of this study is that the increase in strength is associated only with hypertrophy of the VL muscle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Back Squat Exercise Lead to Regional Hypertrophy among Quadriceps Femoris Muscles?

Kojić

Ranisavljev

Obradovic

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…It should be noted that despite the significant group difference in the changes in RFp shear modulus, peak change in the modulus was not associated with the recovery rate of MVIC torque ( Figure 3 ). The RF muscle volume is the smallest among the constituents of the quadriceps femoris, with its proportional contribution to the total quadriceps femoris being not more than approximately 15% ( Ema et al, 2018 ; Akagi et al, 2020 ). Therefore, a possible impact of individual variability of RF damage on the variability of MVIC torque may have been masked, resulting in insignificant correlations between the recovery rate and change in RFp shear modulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p < 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p < 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

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“…This exercise is ideal for a home workout program because it does not require any extra equipment. Squat exercises require the patient's knee and hip joints to flex and extend to develop the body part's flexion and extension strength [22]. Hip, knee, and ankle movements must be synchronized correctly to ensure efficient muscle function and avoid damage throughout the activity [23].…”

Section: Rehabilitation Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Mono Camera-based Human Skeletal Tracking for Squat Exercise Abnormality Detection using Double Exponential Smoothing

Hisham¹,

Hassan²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2022

IJACSA

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Human action analysis is an enthralling area of research in artificial intelligence, as it may be used to improve a range of applications, including sports coaching, rehabilitation, and monitoring. By forecasting the body's vital position of posture, human action analysis may be performed. Human body tracking and action recognition are the two primary components of video-based human action analysis. We present an efficient human tracking model for squat exercises using the open-source MediaPipe technology. The human posture detection model is used to detect and track the vital body joints within the human topology. A series of critical body joint motions are being observed and analysed for aberrant body movement patterns while conducting squat workouts. The model is validated using a squat dataset collected from ten healthy people of varying genders and physiques. The incoming data from the model is filtered using the double exponential smoothing method;the Mean Squared Error between the measured and smoothed angles is determined to classify the movement as normal or abnormal. Level smoothing and trend control have parameters of 0.8928 and 0.77256, respectively. Six out of ten subjects in the trial were precisely predicted by the model. The mean square error of the signals obtained under normal and abnormal squat settings is 56.3197 and 29.7857, respectively. Thus, by utilising a simple threshold method, the low-cost camera-based squat movement condition detection model was able to detect the abnormality of the workout movement.

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Eight-Week Low-Intensity Squat Training at Slow Speed Simultaneously Improves Knee and Hip Flexion and Extension Strength

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Does Back Squat Exercise Lead to Regional Hypertrophy among Quadriceps Femoris Muscles?

Does Back Squat Exercise Lead to Regional Hypertrophy among Quadriceps Femoris Muscles?

Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

Mono Camera-based Human Skeletal Tracking for Squat Exercise Abnormality Detection using Double Exponential Smoothing

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