Eight weeks gait retraining in minimalist footwear has no effect on running economy

Warne, Joe; Moran, Kieran; Warrington, Giles D.

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2015.05.005

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Each item was scored 0 to represent a high risk of bias or 1 to represent a low risk of bias. Studies that scored a total of 0 to 6 were classified as “high risk of bias”, from 7 to 13 as “moderate risk of bias”, and from 14 to 20 as “low risk of bias” Checklist Studies Wilson et al [ 9 ] Warne and Warrington [ 38 ] Warne et al [ 7 ] Bellar and Judge [ 34 ] Warne et al [ 8 ] Khowailed et al [ 35 ] Moore et al [ 36 ] Warne et al [ 32 ] Johnson et al [ 11 ] Ridge et al [ 24 ] Ridge et al [ 25 ] Ryan et al [ 31 ] McCarthy et al [ 28 ] Miller et al [ 29 ] Joseph et al [ 37 ] Dubois et al [ 30 ] Campitelli et al [ 26 ] Azevedo et al [ 39 ] Chen et al [ 27 ] Fuller et al [ 33 ] Is the hypothesis/aim/objective of the study clearly described? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Are the main outcomes to be measured clearly described in the Introduction or Methods section?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitioning to Minimal Footwear: a Systematic Review of Methods and Future Clinical Recommendations

Warne

Gruber

2017

Sports Med - Open

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BackgroundRecent interest in barefoot running has led to the development of minimalist running shoes that are popular in distance runners. A careful transition to these shoes has been suggested and examined in the literature. However, no guidelines based on systematic evidence have been presented.The purpose of this review is to systematically examine the methods employed in the literature to transition to minimal footwear (MFW), as well as the outcomes to these studies in distance runners. In addition, MFW transition guidelines for future clinical practice will be presented based on observations from this review.MethodsA systematic database search was employed using PubMed online as the primary database. Twenty papers were included in the final review.ResultsAll studies implemented a prospective transition design to MFW with a detail of this transition provided, which increased MFW exposure up to an average of 60% (30–100%) at completion. Only 8/20 studies included injury prevention exercises, and 9/20 included gait retraining. The main outcomes of this transition included limited positive evidence of transitioning into MFW for running economy (n = 4 studies) and muscle development (n = 5). The injury incidence comparing running during the MFW transition (17.9 injuries per 100 participants) to matched participants in conventional running shoes (13.4 injuries per 100) appears equivocal (p = 0.219; effect size phi (φ) = 0.06 [very small]). Finally, several important recommendations for clinical practice and future research have been presented.ConclusionsIt is hoped that this paper will present important first steps in unifying the process of transitioning to MFW, both for academic and clinical use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitioning to Minimal Footwear: a Systematic Review of Methods and Future Clinical Recommendations

Warne

Gruber

2017

Sports Med - Open

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“…Manuscript submitted for publication]. Few prospective studies which evaluated the effects of regular barefoot running interventions in habitually shod people reported no or controversial findings regarding relative injury rates [9], biomechanics [10] and running economy [11, 12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of being habitually barefoot on foot mechanics and motor performance in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years: study protocol for a multicenter cross‐sectional study (Barefoot LIFE project)

Hollander

Zwaard

Villiers

et al. 2016

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background: Barefoot locomotion has evoked an increasing scientific interest with a controversial debate about benefits and limitations of barefoot and simulated barefoot walking and running. While most current knowledge comes from cross sectional laboratory studies, the evolutionary perspective suggests the importance of investigating the long-term effects. Observing habitually barefoot populations could fill the current gap of missing high quality longitudinal studies. Therefore, the study described in this design paper aims to investigate the effects of being habitually barefoot on foot mechanics and motor performance of children and adolescents. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional, binational design and is part of the "Barefoot Locomotion for Individual Foot-and health Enhancement (Barefoot LIFE)" project. Two large cohorts (n (total) = 520) of healthy children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age will be included respectively in Germany and South Africa. A barefoot questionnaire will be used to determine habitually barefoot individuals. The testing will be school-based and include foot mechanical (static arch height index, dynamic arch index, foot pliability) and motor performance (coordination, speed, leg power) outcomes. Gender, BMI and level of physical activity will be considered for confounding. Discussion: The strength of this study is the comparison of two large cohorts with different footwear habits to determine long-term effects of being habitually barefoot on foot mechanics and motor performance.

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“…The few data available on literature about this issue are related to studies that investigated habitual SH runners under short periods of familiarization or running training programs based on simulated barefoot (through minimalist shoes) [24–28]. Evidence shows that 4–12 weeks of simulated barefoot running induced to reduced plantar pressure [26], changes in muscle activation [27], a mid/forefoot strike pattern [24,26] and improvements in running economy [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

16 Weeks of Progressive Barefoot Running Training Changes Impact Force and Muscle Activation in Habitual Shod Runners

et al. 2016

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Short-term effects of barefoot and simulated barefoot running have been widely discussed in recent years. Consequences of adopting barefoot running for a long period, including as a training approach, still remain unknown. The present study evaluated the influence of 16 weeks of progressive barefoot running training on impact force and muscle activation in habitual shod runners. Six habitual shod runners (3 men and 3 women, 29.5 ± 7.3 years) were tested barefoot (BF) and shod (SH), before and after 16 weeks of progressive barefoot running training. Tests consisted of running on instrumented treadmill at 9 km/h, for 10 minutes in each experimental condition. Nine data acquisitions (10 s) of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and electromyographic (EMG) signal were conducted in each experimental condition for each test. BF training was effective to alter VGRF and EMG parameters of running in habitual shod runners, regardless of footwear condition (SH or BF). The magnitude of first peak of VGRF (Fy1) and the impulse of the first 50 ms decreased after training for BF and SH (p<0.01). The activation reduced from PRE to POST training for four muscles in BF running (p<0.001), whereas only muscle gastrocnemius lateralis decreased significantly its activation (p<0.01) in SH running. A 16-week progressive barefoot running training seems to be an effective training strategy to reduce impact force, improve shock attenuation and to decrease muscle activation intensity, not only in BF running, but also in SH running, although BF condition seems to be more influenced by BF training.

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Eight weeks gait retraining in minimalist footwear has no effect on running economy

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Transitioning to Minimal Footwear: a Systematic Review of Methods and Future Clinical Recommendations

Transitioning to Minimal Footwear: a Systematic Review of Methods and Future Clinical Recommendations

The effects of being habitually barefoot on foot mechanics and motor performance in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years: study protocol for a multicenter cross‐sectional study (Barefoot LIFE project)

16 Weeks of Progressive Barefoot Running Training Changes Impact Force and Muscle Activation in Habitual Shod Runners

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