Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Static Strength Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Motor Function in Aged Rats via the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 Pathway

Liu, Yijie; Guo, Chao-yang; Liu, Shuting; Zhang, Shuai; Mao, Yun; Fang, Lei

doi:10.2147/cia.s308893

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…SESN2 was a confirmed regulator of FNDC5 in both 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and primary subcutaneous adipocytes, which is also in line with the previous finding 10 . Prospectively, we propose PGC‐1α of adipose tissue as the potential regulator of FNDC5, since previous studies confirm that PGC‐1α is critical for Sestrin to produce exercise benefits 10,36,43 and essential for regulating expression of FNDC5 26 . Additionally, mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38 MAP kinase/ERK MAPkinase signalling (pP38/pERK) and aV/b5 integrin subset may serve as the potential downstream factor of FNDC5 in regulating UCP1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Sestrin2 ablation attenuates the exercise‐induced browning of white adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Acta Physiologica

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Aim: With exercise, white adipose tissues (WAT) are readily convertible to a "brown-like" state, altering from lipid-storing to energy-catabolizing function, which counteracts obesity and increases insulin sensitivity. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a stress-inducible protein that can regulate the cold-induced increase of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is paramount for the thermogenic capacity of brown-like WAT. This study aimed to elucidate the necessity of SESN2 in mediating exercise-induced browning of WAT. Methods:We used 8-week, male wild-type and SESN2 knockout C57BL/6J mice to explore the potential role of SESN2 in the exercise-induced WAT browning process. Over a 3-week intervention (sedentary versus treadmill exercise, normal chow versus 60% high-fat diet), we examined the exercise-induced alterations of the browning phenotype in different depots of white fat. In vitro, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and primary adipocytes were used to determine the potential mechanism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Sestrin2 ablation attenuates the exercise‐induced browning of white adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Acta Physiologica

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“…It is widely thought that as a low-level aerobic exercise, regular exercise (aerobic training) has many positive effects on physical fitness, such as improving endurance, insulin sensitivity, and fat metabolism. This effect is associated mainly with a marked increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume/density with the activation of the PGC-1

/FNDC5/UCP1 signaling pathway and upregulation of PGC-1

[ 66 ]. In addition to leading to an increase in the number and activity of mitochondrial enzymes, it also leads to an increase in fat oxidation in muscles at rest and at low intensities [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], as shown in Figure 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Exercise Program for Sarcopenia in Older Adults: The Effectiveness of Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Based Clinical Assistance in Assessing Skeletal Muscle Area

Wei

Meng

Guo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and function with age. It is well-established that resistance exercise and Yi Jin Jing improve the skeletal muscle mass of older adults with sarcopenia. Accordingly, we designed an exercise program incorporating resistance exercise and Yi Jin Jing to increase skeletal muscle mass and reverse sarcopenia in older adults. Additionally, machine learning simulations were used to predict the sarcopenia status after the intervention. Method: This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of sarcopenia in older adults. For 24 weeks, 90 older adults with sarcopenia were divided into intervention groups, including the Yi Jin Jing and resistance training group (YR, n = 30), the resistance training group (RT, n = 30), and the control group (CG, n = 30). Computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen were used to quantify the skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at the third lumbar vertebra (L3 SMA). Participants’ age, body mass, stature, and BMI characteristics were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the chi-squared test for categorical data. This study explored the improvement effect of three interventions on participants’ L3 SMA, skeletal muscle density at the third lumbar vertebra (L3 SMD), skeletal muscle interstitial fat area at the third lumbar vertebra region of interest (L3 SMFA), skeletal muscle interstitial fat density at the third lumbar vertebra (L3 SMFD), relative skeletal muscle mass index (RSMI), muscle fat infiltration (MFI), and handgrip strength. Experimental data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Eleven machine learning models were trained and tested 100 times to assess the model’s performance in predicting whether sarcopenia could be reversed following the intervention. Results: There was a significant interaction in L3 SMA (p < 0.05), RSMI (p < 0.05), MFI (p < 0.05), and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). After the intervention, participants in the YR and RT groups showed significant improvements in L3 SMA, RSMI, and handgrip strength. Post hoc tests showed that the YR group (p < 0.05) yielded significantly better L3 SMA and RSMI than the RT group (p < 0.05) and CG group (p < 0.05) after the intervention. Compared with other models, the stacking model exhibits the best performance in terms of accuracy (85.7%) and F1 (75.3%). Conclusion: One hybrid exercise program with Yi Jin Jing and resistance exercise training can improve skeletal muscle area among older adults with sarcopenia. Accordingly, it is possible to predict whether sarcopenia can be reversed in older adults based on our stacking model.

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“…HIIT induces great growth of muscle, prevents skeletal muscle atrophy, and improves the motor function via promoting great phosphorylation of mTOR and rps6 and inducing the expression of transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which is crucial for mitochondrial biogenesis. 70 , 71 It is also of importance to the vascularization of muscle. 72 Animal studies have already proved that HIIT significantly enhances physical performance and muscle mass in frail aged mice.…”

Section: Feasibility Of High Intensity Interval Training (Hiit) To De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Intensity Interval Training: A Potential Method for Treating Sarcopenia

Liu¹,

Xie²,

Luo³

et al. 2022

CIA

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Sarcopenia, an age-related disease characterized by loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, has attracted the attention of medical experts due to its severe morbidity, low living quality, high expenditure of health care, and mortality. Traditionally, persistent aerobic exercise (PAE) is considered as a valid way to attenuate muscular atrophy. However, nowadays, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a more effective and time-efficient method to replace traditional exercise modes. HIIT displays comprehensive effects on exercise capacity and skeletal muscle metabolism, and it provides a time-out for the recovery of cardiopulmonary and muscular functions without causing severe adverse effects. Studies demonstrated that compared with PAE, HIIT showed similar or even higher effects in improving muscle strength, enhancing physical performances and increasing muscle mass of elder people. Therefore, HIIT might become a promising way to cope with the age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function. However, it is worth mentioning that no study of HIIT was conducted directly on sarcopenia patients, which is attributed to the suspicious of safety and validity. In this review, we will assess the effects of different training parameters on muscle and sarcopenia, summarize previous papers which compared the effects of HIIT and PAE in improving muscle quality and function, and evaluate the potential of HIIT to replace the status of PAE in treating old people with muscle atrophy and low modality; and point out drawbacks of temporary experiments. Our aim is to discuss the feasibility of HIIT to treat sarcopenia and provide a reference for clinical scientists who want to utilize HIIT as a new way to cope with sarcopenia.

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Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Static Strength Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Motor Function in Aged Rats via the PGC-1α/FNDC5/UCP1 Pathway

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Sestrin2 ablation attenuates the exercise‐induced browning of white adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice

Sestrin2 ablation attenuates the exercise‐induced browning of white adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice

Hybrid Exercise Program for Sarcopenia in Older Adults: The Effectiveness of Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Based Clinical Assistance in Assessing Skeletal Muscle Area

High Intensity Interval Training: A Potential Method for Treating Sarcopenia

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