Eight-Year Performance of Loblolly Pine with Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae on a Good-Quality Forest Site

Marx, Donald H.; Cordell, C. E.; Clark, Amy L.

doi:10.1093/sjaf/12.4.275

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…As has been reported frequently for pine (Marx & Bryan 1975; Marx et al 1976, 1977b, 1988; Marx & Artman 1979; Ruehle et al 1981; Berry 1982; Valdes 1986; Walker et al 1989; Lamhamedi et al 1992a; Cumming 1993; Walker & Kane 1997) and sometimes for oak (Marx 1979; Dixon et al 1980, 1981a, 1981b; Beckjord et al 1983) in previous studies, Pisolithus tinctorius stimulated shoot growth of sweet birch here as indicated by both dimension and dry weight measurements. This response was evident initially in the seed flats and, perhaps more importantly, later in mine spoil where it persisted for 2.5 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Establishment of Sweet Birch on Surface Mine Spoil as Influenced by Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Fertility

Walker

McLaughlin

West

2004

Restoration Ecology

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Induced mycorrhization of sweet birch (Betula lenta L.) by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, as influenced by substrate fertility, was evaluated for its effects on seedling growth and physiology. Following a brief period in seed flats, seedlings were transplanted to mine spoil where they resided for 30 months, and three nutrition regimes were imposed throughout the study by application of differing nutrient solution concentrations. High fertility suppressed mycorrhizal formation by P. tinctorius but promoted that of other mycobionts. Pisolithus mycorrhization induced substantial aboveground and belowground growth as indicated by dimensions and mass for the former and mass and length for the latter but favoring root over shoot growth overall. Furthermore, these mycorrhizae were frequently able to compensate for the growth stimulation of higher nutrient additions. Measurements of xylem pressure potential and soil water potential indicated that water uptake was enhanced by P. tinctorius during simulated drought episodes of two durations and in subsequent recovery periods. Inoculated seedlings had higher foliar concentrations of critical nutrients, especially N, and lower concentrations of potentially phytotoxic metallic elements, particularly Mn, than uninoculated seedlings, although the latter response was absent in high fertility. Spoil analyses clearly revealed the influence of the nutrition regimes but also the effects of seedling uptake on substrate chemistry, and reinforced the findings of the foliar analysis concerning suppression of metal uptake by P. tinctorius. Collectively, these results suggest that P. tinctorius can provide sweet birch an array of physiological benefits that will permit this tree species to flourish on harsh substrates such as surface mine spoils without heavy application of chemical fertilizers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Establishment of Sweet Birch on Surface Mine Spoil as Influenced by Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Fertility

Walker

McLaughlin

West

2004

Restoration Ecology

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“…Furthermore, it is likely that these responses can be attributed to P. tinctorius, as these mycorrhizae were far more numerous on the roots of inoculated seedlings after 18 months in mine soil than after five months in sand culture. Thus, results presented here indicate that this symbiont can stimulate above-ground growth of sweet birch as it has various pine and oak species in an array of previous studies (Marx and Bryan, 1975;Marx et al, 1976Marx et al, , 1977Marx et al, , 1988Marx, 1979;Marx and Artman, 1979;Dixon et al, 1980Dixon et al, , 1981aDixon et al, , 1981bRuehle et al, 1981;Berry, 1982;Beckjord et al, 1983;Valdes, 1986;Walker et al, 1989;Cumming, 1993;Walker and Kane, 1997). Other reports, however, have revealed failures of P. tinctorius in this regard, including those in pine as well as spruce, fir, Douglas-fir, and eucalyptus (Molina, 1979;Grossnickle and Reid, 1982;Riffle and Tinus, 1982;Alvarez and Trappe, 1983;Riffle, 1989;Bougher et al, 1990;Castellano and Trappe, 1991;Cram et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Much of this effort has been directed toward the inoculation of conifers with appropriate ectomycorrhizal symbionts (Marx and Bryan, 1975;Marx et al, 1976Marx et al, , 1977aMarx et al, , 1982Marx et al, , 1984Marx et al, , 1988Marx et al, , 1989aMarx et al, , 1989bTrappe, 1977;Molina, 1979Molina, , 1982Ruehle et al, 1981;Maronek et al, 1982;Riffle and Tinus, 1982;Ruehle, 1982;Molina and Chamard, 1983;Castellano et al, 1985;Perry et al, 1987;Riffle, 1989;Kropp and Langlois, 1990;Castellano, 1994;Repac, 1996;Walker and Kane, 1997;Walker, 2001), while relatively little research has been focused on the development of mycorrhization procedures for hardwoods (Marx, 1979;Dixon et al, 1981aDixon et al, , 1981bDixon et al, , 1985Beckjord et al 1983;Castellano, 1994;Brundrett et al, 1996). A substantial portion of this research, both conifer and hardwood, has involved the mycobiont Pisolithus tinctorius, which is renowned for its broad host range and wide geographic distribution (Marx, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Mycorrhization and Fertilization on Growth, Nutrition, and Water Relations of Sweet Birch

Walker

McLaughlin

Amundsen

2003

Journal of Sustainable Forestry

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Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch was evaluated as an ectomycorrhizal associate of sweet birch (Betula lenta L.). Sand culture and mine soil growth media were employed, and three fertilization treatments were imposed by application of differing Hoagland's nutrient solution #2 concentrations. The high fertilization treatment suppressed mycorrhizal formation by P. tinctorius in both growth media, while the medium rather than the low treatment induced the most extensive colonization by this mycobiont. Seedlings with induced P. tinctorius mycorrhization exhibited enhanced above-and below-ground growth ac-cording to shoot dimensions and dry weight and root weight and length. However, these responses were frequently absent with high fertilization, especially in the mine soil. Inoculated seedlings had higher foliar N, P, and K concentrations overall but lower Ca, Mg, and S concentrations than uninoculated seedlings. Those with P. tinctorius also had lower concentrations of several potentially phytotoxic trace elements, specifically Zn, B, Mo, and Al. Furthermore, xylem pressure and soil water potentials measured during a simulated drought episode indicated that water uptake was enhanced by these mycorrhizae. Again, however, the above physiological responses were often compromised by high fertilization. Collectively, these results indicate that P. tinctorius is a viable mycobiont for the inoculation of sweet birch, and when substrate fertility is not excessive, can avail this host of physiological benefits that result in substantial growth enhancement.

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“…In some cases, inoculation stimulates or inhibits growth in the nursery relative to uninoculated plants and these growth differences are carried over into the field (Shaw et al ., 1987; Stenström, 1990; Burgess et al ., 1994). Inoculation effects can last up to 7–10 yr (Marx et al ., 1988; Garbaye & Churin, 1997; Selosse et al ., 2000), sometimes persisting even after the inoculated fungi have disappeared from the root systems (Garbaye et al ., 1988). In other cases, differences in size persist for only 1 or 2 yr after outplanting and then disappear (Hatchell & Marx, 1987; Loopstra et al ., 1988; Cram et al ., 1999).…”

Section: Possible Consequences For Regenerating Stands Of Species mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in young forest stands regenerating after clearcut logging

2003

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Contents Summary399 Introduction400 Population biology and inoculum potential of ectomycorrhizal fungi401 Ectomycorrhiza development on seedlings regenerating after clearcut logging402 Which is the most important factor driving changes in the ECM fungal community after clearcut logging: inoculum loss or change in the below‐ground environment?406 Possible consequences for regenerating stands of species shifts in ectomycorrhizal fungi414 Conclusions416 Summary The effects on the ectomycorrhizal fungal community of clearcut logging, which is used to harvest millions of hectares of ectomycorrhizal forest annually, has been studied for a number of years. Here, we review current knowledge of inoculum sources for ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests and then re‐examine earlier studies of ectomycorrhizas on young trees in regenerating stands. We conclude that, taken separately from the effects of site preparation, the major impact of clearcut logging is to change the species composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community rather than to reduce the percentage of roots colonized. A thorough examination of site preparation treatments suggests that the changes in fungal species composition are driven by changes in the biology and chemistry of the soil environment after clearcutting as much as they are by loss or change in fungal inoculum. This is an important conclusion because it implies that these new ectomycorrhizal fungal communities are better adapted to the new conditions than the ones in the forest would have been. The shift in fungal species composition and diversity will have implications for seedling establishment and competition. The effects of individual fungi or diverse assemblages of fungi on seedling growth, and effects of changes in the ability of young trees to associate with a common mycelium are discussed.

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Eight-Year Performance of Loblolly Pine with Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae on a Good-Quality Forest Site

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Establishment of Sweet Birch on Surface Mine Spoil as Influenced by Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Fertility

Establishment of Sweet Birch on Surface Mine Spoil as Influenced by Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Fertility

Interactive Effects of Mycorrhization and Fertilization on Growth, Nutrition, and Water Relations of Sweet Birch

Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in young forest stands regenerating after clearcut logging

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