Eight-Year Review of<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>Testing Reveals Seasonal Pattern in the United States

Bhatti, Micah M.; Rucinski, Stefanea L.; Schwab, Jeramy J.; Cole, Nicolynn; Gebrehiwot, Senait; Patel, Robin

doi:10.1093/jpids/piv079

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Temperature has been shown to be in relation to many contagious diseases, such as scarlet fever 65 , HFRS 20 , bacillary dysentery 21 , and human brucellosis 22 . Similarly, in the present work, we found that the monthly average temperature is positively correlated with the number of pertussis cases, which can also be used to explain the peak phenomenon of pertussis incidence observed in hot weather in our study and previous other studies 53,66 . About the positive correlation between them, this is congruous with the recent findings from the studies in Jinan 14,26 and Auckland 67 , which found that temperature was positively associated with pertussis among different age groups and could be considered as a good predictor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The long-term effects of meteorological parameters on pertussis infections in Chongqing, China, 2004–2018

Wang

Ren

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Evidence on the long-term influence of climatic variables on pertussis is limited. This study aims to explore the long-term quantitative relationship between weather variability and pertussis. Data on the monthly number of pertussis cases and weather parameters in Chongqing in the period of 2004–2018 were collected. Then, we used a negative binomial multivariable regression model and cointegration testing to examine the association of variations in monthly meteorological parameters and pertussis. Descriptive statistics exhibited that the pertussis incidence rose from 0.251 per 100,000 people in 2004 to 3.661 per 100,000 persons in 2018, and pertussis was a seasonal illness, peaked in spring and summer. The results from the regression model that allowed for the long-term trends, seasonality, autoregression, and delayed effects after correcting for overdispersion showed that a 1 hPa increment in the delayed one-month air pressure contributed to a 3.559% (95% CI 0.746–6.293%) reduction in the monthly number of pertussis cases; a 10 mm increment in the monthly aggregate precipitation, a 1 °C increment in the monthly average temperature, and a 1 m/s increment in the monthly average wind velocity resulted in 3.641% (95% CI 0.960–6.330%), 19.496% (95% CI 2.368–39.490%), and 3.812 (95% CI 1.243–11.690)-fold increases in the monthly number of pertussis cases, respectively. The roles of the mentioned weather parameters in the transmission of pertussis were also evidenced by a sensitivity analysis. The cointegration testing suggested a significant value among variables. Climatic factors, particularly monthly temperature, precipitation, air pressure, and wind velocity, play a role in the transmission of pertussis. This finding will be of great help in understanding the epidemic trends of pertussis in the future, and weather variability should be taken into account in the prevention and control of pertussis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The long-term effects of meteorological parameters on pertussis infections in Chongqing, China, 2004–2018

Wang

Ren

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Additionally, our findings support the recently published studies from the USA, Europe, Australia, and Asia, which all found a higher proportion of positive samples in the summer period than in the winter period [13,15,16,23,24]. Bhatti et al showed a 5-fold increase in the proportion of positive samples in the USA, which is even larger than the more than 2-fold rise found in our study [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This corresponds to the results of an Australian study demonstrating that the number of notifications for whooping cough followed the overall trend for B. pertussis testing and that the seasonality of whooping cough was less clear, when statistics for whooping cough infections were based on notifications [16]. These discrepancies may be an indication that patients with symptoms of whooping cough could be interpreted differently, if presented to the clinician at another time in the year other than the fall and winter period [13]. In addition, Bhatti et al indicate, that the true incidence of whooping cough may be underestimated due to the unawareness of the seasonality of whooping cough amongst the clinicians [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Other studies also reported that the number of requested laboratory tests did not follow the same seasonal pattern as whooping cough [13,16,24]. Bhatti et al observed a 2-fold rise in the number of samples tested for B. pertussis in November (n = 857) compared to July (n = 430) in the USA, which is even larger than the rise observed in our study [13].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…An American study found that the proportion of B. pertussis positive samples was lowest in the months of October and February and highest in July and August. It peaked late in July, where it was five times higher than in late February [13]. In Europe, the highest number of cases was reported in June and September and the lowest number in January and February to the European Centre for Disease and Control (ECDC) in 2016 [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Bordetella pertussis pattern in the period from 2008 to 2018 in Germany

2020

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Background: After the introduction of a vaccine against B. pertussis the seasonal pattern with the highest number of infections in the spring to summer months changed. Recent studies from around the world suggest that B. pertussis infections again follow a seasonal pattern with increased incidence in summer.The aim of this study was to investigate whether respiratory infections caused by B. pertussis in the period from January 2008 to December 2018 also seasonally spread in Germany and if so, when the B. pertussis activity peaked. Methods: We tested 19,031 samples, mainly from Southern Germany, collected in the period from January 2008 to December 2018 using a Multiplex PCR assay. We assessed the number and proportion of samples positive for B. pertussis, stratified by patient's age and month. The seasonal distribution was investigated by plotting the average proportion of positive samples for each month. Results: We observed a B. pertussis seasonality with the highest number of positive samples in the months from June until September. In contrast, testing of samples for B. pertussis was requested most frequently in the period from October until March. The proportion of positive samples increased earlier in adolescents (age 10 to 19) than in other age groups. Conclusions: We found a seasonality of B. pertussis infections in Germany, which differs from the time when most samples are sent in for testing of B. pertussis. Our study suggests that clinicians should be more aware of B. pertussis infections in the months from June until September to prevent further transmission to vulnerable family members.

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Whooping Cough in Adults: A Series of Severe Cases

Życińska

Cieplak

Chmielewska

et al. 2016

Pathobiology of Pulmonary Disorders

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Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative aerobic coccobacillus causing contagious respiratory tract disease called whooping cough. The virulence factors consist of pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, lipooligosaccharide, and adenylate cyclase toxin. The disease causes a worldwide threat to public health despite a high vaccination coverage. The course of whooping cough in adults is frequently atypical, causing difficulty in diagnosis. In this report we present five patients hospitalized with Bordetella pertussis infection manifesting atypical and severe symptoms. The diagnosis was based on serological tests: serum concentration of specific antibodies against pertussis toxin and sputum cultures. We observed a wide spectrum of symptoms, from benign (sinus pain - 80 %, headaches - 20 %), through moderate (hemoptysis - 40 %; chest pain 60 %) to severe symptoms (cardiac arrhythmia - 40 %; syncope - 60 %). Bordetella pertussis infection can cause life-threatening complications and exacerbation of concomitant chronic diseases. Most vaccination programs cover only the first few months of life. Booster doses should be considered in adults, especially those immunocompromised or with pulmonary complications, but also in healthcare workers who are exposed to the contagion and also may spread the infection.

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Eight-Year Review ofBordetella pertussisTesting Reveals Seasonal Pattern in the United States

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

The long-term effects of meteorological parameters on pertussis infections in Chongqing, China, 2004–2018

The long-term effects of meteorological parameters on pertussis infections in Chongqing, China, 2004–2018

Seasonal Bordetella pertussis pattern in the period from 2008 to 2018 in Germany

Whooping Cough in Adults: A Series of Severe Cases

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