Eimeria species occurrence varies between geographic regions and poultry production systems and may influence parasite genetic diversity

Prakashbabu, Bhagyalakshmi Chengat; Venkatachalam, Thenmozhi; Limon, Georgina; Kundu, Kanika; Kumar, Saroj; Garg, Rajat; Clark, Emily L.; Rao, Arni S.R. Srinivasa; Raj, Dhinakar; Raman, Muthusamy; Banerjee, P. S.; Tomley, Fiona M.; Guitian, Javier; Blake, Damer P.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.12.003

Cited by 44 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[5] (present study versus previous study: E. maxima, 6.92% versus 54.67%; E. tenella, 46.86% versus 80.67%; E. brunetti, 6.60% versus 44.67%; E. necatrix, 41.51% versus 68.00%). The three most prevalent species were E. mitis (78.57%), E. tenella (39.01%), E. necatrix (36.26%) in Henan (n = 182) and E. tenella (57.35%), E. mitis (50.74%), and E. necatrix (48.53%) in Hubei (n = 136); as reported by previous studies, the three most prevalent species E. tenella (67.30%), E. mitis (58.90%), and E. acervulina (45.80%) in North India were and E. tenella (57.50%), E. mitis (29.90%), and E. necatrix (14.90%) Southern India [25]. This may be because of differences in geographical conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence of Eimeria parasites and sulfachloropyrazine sodium resistance in chicken farms in the Hubei and Henan provinces

Geng

Lei

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background：Coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease that causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. At present, the primary control strategy is administration of anticoccidial drugs with feed. However, overuse of anticoccidials, such as sulfachloropyrazine sodium (SC), has resulted in an increase in the emergence of drug resistance.Methods: We aimed to evaluate coccidiosis prevalence and SC resistance in field isolates to provide reasonable guidance on the use of anticoccidial drugs in the Hubei and Henan provinces. We collected 318 fresh fecal samples from 137 chicken farms. We used internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequence of ribosomal DNA to identify the species from 94 samples that were collected from different farms and to assess drug resistance.Results: As shown by genus-specific PCR results, the positivity rate of Eimeria was 97.17 % (309/318), and the most common species were E. mitis (66.67%), E. tenella (46.86%), and E. necatrix (41.51%). Animal experiment demonstrated that 25 strains were completely resistant to SC, among which 16 were from Henan and nine were from Hubei. Twenty-four strains were partially resistant, among which 8 and 16 strains were identified from Hubei and Henan, respectively.Conclusions: In summary, these data indicated that chicken coccidia is ubiquitous and SC resistance is widespread, in the Hubei and Henan provinces. The results provide important insights into the control of chicken coccidiosis in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence of Eimeria parasites and sulfachloropyrazine sodium resistance in chicken farms in the Hubei and Henan provinces

Geng

Lei

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Fifteen birds sampled from location 1 included five from each of the indigenous Indian Aseel and Kadaknath breeds, supplemented by five commercial Cobb400 broilers for comparison. Fifteen birds sampled at location 2 duplicated those sampled from location 1, with the exception that Ross 308 commercial broilers were used instead of Cobb400, representing the local dominant-intensive commercial production systems [ 35 ]. All chickens were sampled at 42 days of age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demand for poultry meat and eggs is increasing dramatically, most notably in South Asia, where a mix of global commercial-type lines and indigenous chicken breeds are kept [ 35 ]. As efforts are made to improve the genetic merit of chickens, it is important to identify those genotypes best suited to the varied climatic regions and prevailing production systems, including those which favour a beneficial gut microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indigenous breeds Kadaknath and Aseel were chosen for use at the Central Poultry Research Station of Anand Agricultural University, (AAU, Gujarat, India; termed location 1) and duplicated at Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; location 2) (Additional file 1 ). Commercial Broilers of the Cobb400 (AAU) and Ross 308 (TANUVAS) lines were used for comparison as representatives of the local dominant-intensive commercial production systems [ 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial diversity and community composition of caecal microbiota in commercial and indigenous Indian chickens determined using 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe caecal microbiota plays a key role in chicken health and performance, influencing digestion and absorption of nutrients, and contributing to defence against colonisation by invading pathogens. Measures of productivity and resistance to pathogen colonisation are directly influenced by chicken genotype, but host driven variation in microbiome structure is also likely to exert a considerable indirect influence.MethodsHere, we define the caecal microbiome of indigenous Indian Aseel and Kadaknath chicken breeds and compare them with the global commercial broiler Cobb400 and Ross 308 lines using 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing.ResultsEach caecal microbiome was dominated by the genera Bacteroides, unclassified bacteria, unclassified Clostridiales, Clostridium, Alistipes, Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium and Blautia. Geographic location (a measure recognised to include variation in environmental and climatic factors, but also likely to feature varied management practices) and chicken line/breed were both found to exert significant impacts (p < 0.05) on caecal microbiome composition. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed 42 breed-specific biomarkers in the chicken lines reared under controlled conditions at two different locations.ConclusionChicken breed-specific variation in bacterial occurrence, correlation between genera and clustering of operational taxonomic units indicate scope for quantitative genetic analysis and the possibility of selective breeding of chickens for defined enteric microbiota.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-018-0501-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Exploring the risk factors associated with coccidiosis, Prakashbabu et al (2017) reported diversity in the distribution of Eimeria species according to poultry unit size, management and system within and between northern and southern India.…”

Section: Control Measure Of Coccidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and control of chicken coccidiosis: a recent update

2018

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Coccidiosis is a deadly disease that hampers chicken's productivity and welfare. Thus, the disease is a major menace to the global poultry industry. Coccidiosis which is caused by the apicomplexan parasite of the genus Eimeria has seven known species which affect the different parts of the intestinal tract of chickens. The disease which occurs by ingestion of sporulated oocyst has been associated with poor poultry management system. Mixed infection among the species of this parasite contributes to both pathogenicity and misdiagnosis of the disease. A progress in identification and diagnosis approach which cuts across pathological, morphological and molecular has been reported for this parasite. Control measures which include anticoccidial drugs, vaccines and natural products have dominated literature for this disease. However, the emergence of genetic and antigenic diversity with implication on resistance to anticoccidials among different strains of Eimeria parasite has generated concerns on the effectiveness of the current anticoccidial vaccines. A new look on the control strategy therefore becomes imperative. This study reviews the current trends on the identification and control of chicken coccidiosis with focus on (1) Avian coccidiosis (2) Epidemiology of chicken coccidiosis (3) Eimeria parasite and distribution in poultry (4) Diagnosis of Eimeria parasite (5) Control measures of coccidiosis (6) Threats posed by genetic and antigenic diversity of Eimeria parasite on coccidiosis control. Genomic study on diversity of Eimeria parasite becomes imperative for effective vaccine design against coccidiosis.

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Eimeria species occurrence varies between geographic regions and poultry production systems and may influence parasite genetic diversity

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence of Eimeria parasites and sulfachloropyrazine sodium resistance in chicken farms in the Hubei and Henan provinces

Prevalence of Eimeria parasites and sulfachloropyrazine sodium resistance in chicken farms in the Hubei and Henan provinces

Microbial diversity and community composition of caecal microbiota in commercial and indigenous Indian chickens determined using 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing

Diagnosis and control of chicken coccidiosis: a recent update

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