“…Mobile learning has been widely acclaimed for its revolutionary and liberating redefinition of learning in which, with the assistance of mobile devices, learners are given increased mobility to create “impromptu sites of learning” and personalized learning ecologies (Bachmair & Pachler, 2014; Kukulska-Hulme, Gaved, Jones, Norris & Peasgood, 2017; Kukulska-Hulme & Sharples, 2016; Wong, Milrad & Specht, 2015). The conceptualized mobile learning culture rests essentially on learner agency and ability to utilize the enhanced mobility to construct learning experiences across time and space (Burston, 2014a; Kukulska-Hulme, 2012; Underwood, Luckin & Winters, 2014).…”