Einfluß von Wachstumsbedingungen und Entwicklung auf δ13C-Werte in verschiedenen Organen und Inhaltsstoffen von Weizen, Hafer und Mais

Winkler, F. J.; Wirth, Erich; Latzko, Erwin; Schmidt, Hanns‐Ludwig; Hoppe, W.; Wimmer, P.

doi:10.1016/s0044-328x(78)80126-3

Cited by 46 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This ratio can be affected by both plant and environmental parameters which exert and influence on stomatal conductance and CO2-fixation capacity (Farquhar et al 1989). Carbon-isotope discrimination, as observed in the present experiments, was high when compared on the scale of values reported for wheat (Winkler et al 1978;Evans et al 1986;Condon et al 1990). High Table 1.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The 8 of grain carbon was 2.9%0 more positive than the 8 of total plant carbon. Winkler et al (1978) have observed very similar organ-specific differences in 8 of mature wheat plants. In experiments of Farquhar and Richards (1984) the 8 of the wheat grain was 2.5 to 5%o less negative than the 8 of leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Lipids and lignin are known to be depleted in 13C relative to total tissue carbon (Park and Epstein 1961;Benner et al 1987). The relative abundance of 13C in non-structural carbohydrates is often higher than in total tissue carbon (Winkler et al 1978;Brugnoli et al 1988). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term steady-state labelling of wheat plants by use of natural 13CO2/12CO2 mixtures in an open, rapidly turned-over system

Schnyder

1992

Planta

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A photosynthate labelling method is presented which takes advantage of the natural difference in carbon-isotope composition (δ Carbon-isotope composition of a sample is conventionally presented as δ (‰) = [(RP/RS) -1] · 1000, where RP and RS are the molar abundance ratios, (13)C/(12)C, of the sample and of the standard (PDB carbonate), respectively ) which exists between atmospheric CO2 (δ≈-8‰) and commercially available compressed CO2. Carbon dioxide with δ-4.0 and -27.9%., respectively, has been used for labelling. A plant growth cabinet served as the labelling compartment. CO2-free air was continuously injected at a rate of up to 54m(3)·h(-1). Dilution of cabinet CO2 by CO2-free air was counterbalanced by addition of CO2 with known constant δ. Since the labelling-cabinet atmosphere was continuously exchanged at a high rate, photosynthetic carbon-isotope discrimination was fully expressed. In order to study the distribution of carbon acquired by the plant during a defined growth period, the δ of CO2 was modified by replacing, for example, atmospheric CO2 by CO2 with δ -27.9%. and the weight and 5 of plant carbon pools was monitored over time. In such an experiment the δ change of CO2 was followed by a rapid change of the δ of sucrose in mature flag-leaf blades of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The 5 of sucrose stabilized near -51%., indicating complete exchange by current photosynthate. In contrast 83% of the total carbon in mature flag-leaf blades was not exchanged after 14 d continuous labelling. Differential labelling of pre- and post-anthesis photosynthate indicated that 13% of grain carbon originated from pre-anthesis photosynthesis. Carbon-isotope discrimination and its consideration in experimentation and labelling data evaluation are discussed in detail. Since the air supplied to the labelling cabinet is dry and free of CO2, carbon-isotope discrimination and carbon turnover and partitioning can be studied over a wide range of CO2 concentrations (0-2600 cm(3) · m(-3)) and vapor-pressure deficits.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Long-term steady-state labelling of wheat plants by use of natural 13CO2/12CO2 mixtures in an open, rapidly turned-over system

Schnyder

1992

Planta

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“…Hybridization studies with Flaveria show S'3C values that vary according to the development of C3, C4, and C3/C4 intermediate pathways (3). The only previous report of the 6I3C value of maize hypsophylls seems to be a pair of measurements (-1 3.8%o) given by Winkler et al (19). Table I shows data for hypsophylls and leaves from a number of sources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autotrophy in Maize Husk Leaves

Yakir

Osmond²,

Giles³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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The natural abundance of carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition, expressed as a 613C value of plant dry matter and cellulose in the hypsophylls (husk leaves) of maize (Zea mays L.) was measured and compared with that of leaves and cobs. The 613C values of outer hypsophylls were usually 2 to 3%o more negative than leaves or other tissues, and became more negative with increasing chlorophyll content, indicating significant local C3 pathway fixation of CO2 in the outer hypsophylls. The The anatomical, physiological, and biochemical properties of photosynthesis in normal, fully developed leaves of C4 plants are now well established (7,10,11). Seedling maize leaves show evidence for C3 photosynthesis during early development (4, 16), and analyses of S13C values have revealed that leaf4 is the first to be entirely autotrophic (5, 6). Sasakawa et al. (18) found gradients of about 1%o in the 5'3C value along leaf 4 of maize, which correlate with the amount of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and Rubisco, and presumably reflect small differences in the effectiveness of C4 biochemistry during development. Recent studies of the patterns of mesophyll and bundle sheath cell development in C4 plants indicate that leaf-like structures may differ markedly in the functionality ofC4 photosynthesis (15). In particular, the outer hypsophylls (the outer husk leaves) of the maize ear show anatomical and other properties indicating the significant participation of C3 photosynthesis during CO2 fixation (1, 2, 13). We report evidence from stable isotope analyses that ' The 613C value of plant organic matter was measured at Duke University using an automated combustion system (Elemental Analyzer model NA1500; Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) connected via an automated trapping system to a mass spectrometer (SIRA-Series 2; VG Instruments, Middlewich, England). Small segments (approximately 5 mm2) were excised from these tissues and analyzed, sometimes without further drying or preparation. Measurements were made using standardized CO2 (OZTECH, Dallas, TX) calibrated against NBS Pee Dee Beleminite and expressed as 6' 3C values, calculated as described previously (8). Dual working standards from two batches of cellulose (Sigma) differing by 0.5%o were included between each 10 analyses. Internal precision of individual measurements was ±0.03%o.The 613C value and AD value of cellulose from maize leaves and cobs was measured after purification and nitration, as described by Yakir and DeNiro (20), using a manually operated mass spectrometer Finnigan Instruments Inc.). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIt is well known that the 6 3C value of leaves reflects the pathway of carboxylation in photosynthesis and response to stomatal conductance during CO2 fixation (8, 9). In succulents with CAM, the 613C value reflects the contributions of both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and Rubisco to net CO2 fixation (8). Hybridization studies with Flaveria show S'3C values that vary according to the development of C3, C4, and C3/C4 intermediate pathways (3). The o...

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“…Unmanured (no manure and no fertilizer added) and PK-treated (phosphorus plus potassium fertilizers added) soils served as reference treatments. The soils supporting the cereals were characterized by their total-C and total-N content and their d Since different biochemical components differ in their 13 C signature, [16][17][18] the differences between the d …”

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confidence: 99%

Abundance of ¹³C and ¹⁵N in emmer, spelt and naked barley grown on differently manured soils: towards a method for identifying past manuring practice

Kanstrup

Thomsen

Andersen

et al. 2011

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The shortage of plant-available nutrients probably constrained prehistoric cereal cropping but there is very little direct evidence relating to the history of ancient manuring. It has been shown that the long-term addition of animal manure elevates the δ(15)N value of soil and of modern crops grown on the soil. We have examined the δ(15)N and δ(13)C values of soil and of the grain and straw fractions of three ancient cereal types grown in unmanured, PK amended and cattle manured plots of the Askov long-term field experiment. Manure increased biomass yields and the δ(15)N values of soil and of grain and straw fractions of the ancient cereal types; differences in δ(15)N between unmanured and PK treatments were insignificant. The offset in straw and grain δ(15)N due to manure averaged 7.9 and 8.8 ‰, respectively, while the soil offset was 1.9 ‰. The soil and biomass δ(13)C values were not affected by nutrient amendments. Grain weights differed among cereal types but increased in the order: unmanured, PK, and animal manure. The grain and straw total-N concentration was generally not affected by manure addition. Our study suggests that long-term application of manure to permanently cultivated sites would have provided a substantial positive effect on cereals grown in early agriculture and will have left a significant N isotopic imprint on soil, grains and straw. We suggest that the use of animal manure can be identified by the (15)N abundance in remains of ancient cereals (e.g. charred grains) from archaeological sites and by growing test plants on freshly exposed palaeosols.

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Einfluß von Wachstumsbedingungen und Entwicklung auf δ13C-Werte in verschiedenen Organen und Inhaltsstoffen von Weizen, Hafer und Mais

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Long-term steady-state labelling of wheat plants by use of natural 13CO2/12CO2 mixtures in an open, rapidly turned-over system

Long-term steady-state labelling of wheat plants by use of natural 13CO2/12CO2 mixtures in an open, rapidly turned-over system

Autotrophy in Maize Husk Leaves

Abundance of ¹³C and ¹⁵N in emmer, spelt and naked barley grown on differently manured soils: towards a method for identifying past manuring practice

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Einfluß von Wachstumsbedingungen und Entwicklung auf δ13C-Werte in verschiedenen Organen und Inhaltsstoffen von Weizen, Hafer und Mais

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Long-term steady-state labelling of wheat plants by use of natural 13CO2/12CO2 mixtures in an open, rapidly turned-over system

Long-term steady-state labelling of wheat plants by use of natural 13CO2/12CO2 mixtures in an open, rapidly turned-over system

Autotrophy in Maize Husk Leaves

Abundance of 13C and 15N in emmer, spelt and naked barley grown on differently manured soils: towards a method for identifying past manuring practice

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Abundance of ¹³C and ¹⁵N in emmer, spelt and naked barley grown on differently manured soils: towards a method for identifying past manuring practice