Einführung in die Entwicklungsphysiologie des Kindes

Wiesener, H; Ballowitz, L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86506-0

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…With weight increase from 3.5 to 78 kg, from the newborn to adult, a factor of 22, cardiac output should increase by a factor of 22 3/4 = 10.2. This is in line with the cardiac output increase reported by Wiesener (21).…”

Section: Cardiac Output and Heart Ratesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…To correctly model growth of the arterial system, i.e., segment length, radius and wall thickness, the following was considered. In the newborn, average tissue metabolism and tissue perfusion (19) are higher when compared to the adult as demonstrated by the larger ratio of cardiac output and body weight for the newborn vs. the adult (20,21). Since tissue perfusion decreases with age, mean resistance to flow is increased with age.…”

Section: Vascular Wall Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac output and heart rate were taken from Wiesener (21), where cardiac output was described to increase linearly from 564 mL/min at 0 to 5 L/min at 20 years and heart rate to decrease exponentially with weight to the power of −0.2 from 136 at 0 to 73 beats/min at 20 years (21,22). The flow wave shape was chosen as a modified triangle, approaching a measured flow wave of which the maximum flow could be adapted to give the correct stroke volume.…”

Section: Cardiac Output and Heart Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cardiac output and heart rate taken from Wiesener (21) gave correct mean arterial pressures as a function of age ( 24), but only after the total peripheral resistance of the original adult model (2) was reduced. Also, the arterial stiffness of the original description (2) was reduced to arrive at acceptable pulse pressures.…”

Section: Cardiac Output and Heart Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure and Flow Relations in the Systemic Arterial Tree Throughout Development From Newborn to Adult

2020

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Objective: Distributed models of the arterial tree allow studying the effect of physiological and pathophysiological changes in the vasculature on hemodynamics. For the adult, several models exist; however, a model encompassing the full age range from newborn to adult was until now lacking. Our goal is to describe a complete distributed hemodynamic model for normal development from newborn to adult.Methods: The arterial system was modeled by 121 segments characterized by length, radius, wall thickness, wall stiffness, and wall viscosity. The final segments ended in three-element Windkessels. All parameters were adapted based on body height and weight as a function of age as described in the literature.Results: Pressures and flows are calculated as a function of age at sites along the arterial tree. Central to peripheral transfer functions are given. Our results indicate that peripheral pressure in younger children resembles central pressure. Furthermore, total arterial compliance, inertance and impedance are calculated. Findings indicate that the arterial tree can be simulated by using a three-element Windkessel system. Pulse wave velocity in the aorta was found to increase during development.Conclusions: The arterial system, modeled from newborn to adult bears clinical significance, both for the interpretation of peripheral measured pressure in younger and older children, and for using a Windkessel model to determine flow from pressure measurements.

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Section: Cardiac Output and Heart Ratesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Vascular Wall Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%