Einige Aspekte zur hormonalen Regulation der Korngröße bei Getreide

Michael, G.; Allinger, P.; Wilberg, E.

doi:10.1002/jpln.19701250104

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast to Michael et al . [9] and Ruckenbauer and Kirby [15] no effects on grain number or grain weight were found . Nevertheless, Mengel et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In wheat cytokinins can delay flag leaf senescence [22], increase yield [9], grain number and grain weight [15] . We propose that cytokinin application at anthesis can also increase grain protein percentage by modifying N distribution to the grain or by increasing its absorption, thus changing the inverse relationship between grain yield and grain protein percentage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of foliar applied benzyladenine on grain yield and grain protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Caldiz¹,

Beltrano²,

Fernández³

et al. 1991

Plant Growth Regul

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The effects of foliar applications of nitrogen and benzyladenine (BA) on grain yield and grain protein of wheat grown under field conditions were studied over 2 years with 5 cultivars at 2 locations . Nitrogen (N) at 20 kg .ha -', and BA at 100 or 800 mg.l -' were applied alone or combined at pre and post-anthesis ; applications of BA at 8 mg.l -' were also made on individual ears in order to study the effect on cell number . Weekly determinations of the chlorophyll content of the flag leaf were conducted after anthesis to study leaf senescence . At harvest, yield, yield components and grain protein percentage were determined . N and BA applications delayed chlorophyll loss in the flag leaf, but modified neither yield nor yield components. Foliarly applied BA increased grain protein in four of the five cultivars tested . It is concluded that delay of the senescence induced by BA might allow more energy to be available for N uptake by the crop leading to an increase in grain protein .

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“…In contrast to Michael et al . [9] and Ruckenbauer and Kirby [15] no effects on grain number or grain weight were found . Nevertheless, Mengel et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of foliar applied benzyladenine on grain yield and grain protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Caldiz¹,

Beltrano²,

Fernández³

et al. 1991

Plant Growth Regul

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show abstract

“…Jennings & Morton (1963) found that cell division in wheat endosperm ceased 3 wk after anthesis, and at an equivalent time I found little cytokinin in the grains. Cytokinins probably originate in the roots (Kende, 1964) and move up in the transpiration stream (Michael, Allinger & Wilberg, 1970). The exudate from cut wheat stems contained most cytokinin before anthesis and when grains were growing contained very little.…”

Section: Phenolic Acids or Their Estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in growth‐substance contents during growth of wheat grains

Wheeler

1972

Annals of Applied Biology

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Samples of developing wheat grains were extracted at weekly intervals from ear emergence until maturity and the growth substances estimated by bioassay. Immature grains contained two cytokinins; one was similar to zeatin and another, with more cytokinin activity, had different properties. Ovules contained only small amounts of growth substances but at the end of anthesis the grains had a maximum content of cytokinin. The gibberellin content increased until 3 wk after anthesis then decreased; their auxin content increased until 4 wk after anthesis but decreased as the grains ripened and lost fresh weight. The husks contained smaller amounts of growth substances than the grains they surrounded. Exudates from young stems contained cytokinins and these may originate in the roots and move to the ears through the stems. The auxin in the grains was identified as indole-3yl-acetic acid and may be derived from the phenols present reacting with tryptophan. I N T R O D U C T I O NThe yield of wheat is determined both by the size and the number of grains in the ears. Growth substances regulate the growth of individual plant organs and hence determine their relative growth rates and the distribution of photosynthates.Growth substances were extracted from developing wheat grains and the husks surrounding them, and were also collected in exudates from the stems, where they move in the transpiration stream from the roots to the ears. This paper describes changes assessed at weekly intervals in the auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin contents of grains from ear emergence until maturity. Tryptophan, a precursor of indole-3ylacetic acid (IAA), was also estimated in the extracts. M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D SWheat (cv. Kloka) plants were grown either in a glasshouse or in the field. Samples of twelve ears were removed from main stems only, at weekly intervals from ear emergence until maturity. The results are the means of three field experiments in three consecutive years and of two glasshouse experiments.Extraction of plant tissues. Grains were removed from the ears, counted, weighed and killed by immersion in boiling 95% ethanol for I min. When cool, the grains were macerated in the ethanol, the macerate was filtered under low pressure and the cell debris washed twice with 80 % ethanol. The husks, surrounding the grains, were extracted similarly. 22-2

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“…The evidence for the regulatory functions of cytokinins has been obtained by correlation between grain weight and the level of endogenous cytokinins in barley and wheat by Michael et al (1970) and Herzog and Geisler (1982). The highest amounts of cytokinins were recorded at the early growth stages, viz., heading or anthesis or at milk stage, suggesting that the cytokinins may play important role in grain development (Takagi et al, 1989).…”

Section: Hormonal Regulation Of Grain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on endogenous hormonal changes during grain development in wheat genotypes

Gutam¹

2017

Preprint

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Pot culture experiment was conducted in the Rabi seasons of 2001 and 2002 in order to study the genotypic differences in grain growth rates and endogenous hormonal contents in the developing grains. The hexaploid new plant types and extant variety and other tetraploids are taken up for the study. The data on yield and yield components show that the tetraploids had higher ear number per plant but lesser number of seeds per ear and lower seed weight per ear. The most important yield component 1000-grain yield was also possessed by hexaploids. The mean plant height was found to be higher in hexaploids over tetraploids in general, and among them DL- 1266-1 and DL-1266-2 (new plant types) recorded higher plant height. Similarly, the ear length was also higher in these new plant types. But, the tiller number/plant and ear number/plant were significantly higher in tetraploids. The new plant types (hexaploids) possessed maximum grain growth rate at 5–15 DAA. DL-1266-2 recorded highest grain growth rate 0.093 g/g/day. The photosynthetic rate values show that the hexaploids possessed higher rate than tetraploids. At 7 and 15 DAA, in general, photosynthetic rate was more when compared to 25 DAA and 35 DAA. The results showed that the endogenous hormonal contents in grains during grain development had changed in sequence. At 7 DAA, gibberellic acid (GA3) content was at maximum and at 15 DAA (rapid growth phase), indole-acetic acid (IAA) reached maximum and at 25 DAA (dough stage), ABA was at the maximum. At the 35 DAA, ABA reached all time high and GA3 the least, IAA being intermediate. Among the genotypes, hexaploids recorded higher concentrations of endogenous hormones. The total chlorophyll content in flag leaves of hexaploids was higher than tetraploids. The mean total chlorophyll had increased slightly at 20 DAA when compared to 10 DAA and it decreased at 30 DAA. It appears that the high yielding hexaploids (DL-1266-1 & Dl- 1266-2) by the virtue of possessing more 1000-grain weight and leaf area along with endogenous hormones might be responsible for higher yield as compared to tetraploids. It appears that better photosynthetic rate and better mobilization of photosynthates during grain filling stage contributes for higher yield in hexaploids.

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Einige Aspekte zur hormonalen Regulation der Korngröße bei Getreide

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of foliar applied benzyladenine on grain yield and grain protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Effects of foliar applied benzyladenine on grain yield and grain protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Changes in growth‐substance contents during growth of wheat grains

Studies on endogenous hormonal changes during grain development in wheat genotypes

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