Einleitung: Deutschland, Portugal und die europäische Migrationsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts

Factors Constraining Subject Expression in European Portuguese Spoken in Hamburg. A Bi-Generational Corpus Investigation

“…Migration from Portugal to other European countries, including Germany, began during the period of the Portuguese dictatorship (mid 1950s), and was motivated by the Colonial war in Africa and the impoverishment of a very significant proportion Cristina Flores, Esther Rinke of the Portuguese population, especially in rural areas of the country. The migration flow to Germany increased after Portugal and Germany signed a bilateral agreement on labour recruitment in 1964, with the aim of controlling the temporary stay of Portuguese labourers in Germany (Pinheiro, 2010). Hamburg was the city that attracted most Portuguese migrants due to the harbour, where a significant part of Portuguese men worked (Freund, 2007).…”

“…From 1955 to 1973 almost 166,000 Portuguese migrants, most of them male labourers, were working in Germany as so-called "guest workers" (Gastarbeiter). Part of this population returned to Portugal in the period of 1970-1980, when Portugal became a democratic state and the return was incentivised by the German government; the other (larger) part requested a license to bring their families, including their children, to Germany (Pinheiro, 2010). The return to Portugal later in life was always a lifetime aim for many of these 1st generation families.…”