Einsatzerlebnisse und einsatzbedingte psychische Erkrankungen deutscher Soldaten–empirische Struktur und prädiktive Wertigkeit traumatischer Stressoren

Abstract

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Noch immer ist wenig über die empirische Struktur von traumatischem Stress und die Assoziationen zwischen Stressoren und psychischen Erkrankungen bekannt, insbesondere nach militärischen Auslandseinsätzen. Methode: 1483 Bundeswehrsoldaten, die 2009/2010 in Afghanistan eingesetzt waren, wurden mittels der militärischen Version eines diagnostischen Interviews (MI-CIDI) untersucht. Zwei Klassifikationsmodelle wurden auf die Items der Liste einsatzbezogener Stressoren des US-MHAT-VI-Reports angewendet und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Aufgrund hoher polychorischer Korrelationen zwischen Items verschiedener Klassen und hoch negativer Korrelationen innerhalb derselben Klasse ergaben die Faktorenanalysen keine zufriedenstellende Modellpassung. Es wurden auch keine unterschiedlichen prädiktiven Wertigkeiten im Hinblick auf einsatzbedingte psychische Erkrankungen gefunden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse stimmen nicht mit denen vergangener Studien überein und sprechen für den Einfluss von spezifischen Einsatzbedingungen auf die Struktur traumatischer Stressoren.

Prevalence and severity of mental disorders in military personnel: a standardised comparison with civilians

“…2013; Zimmermann et al . 2014) which might result in an overall lower degree of exposure to stressful experiences in German deployed personnel. This might explain why we found no elevated rates of mental disorders in deployed personnel compared with civilians.…”

“…Second, there are differences in deployment characteristics and the military structure between Germany, UK and the US in terms of tour length, preparation and involvement in combat events(Trautmann et al 2013;Wittchen et al 2012b;Zimmermann et al 2014) which might result in an overall lower degree of exposure to stressful experiences in German deployed personnel. This might explain why we found no elevated rates of mental disorders in deployed personnel compared to civilians.…”

“…attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, intermittent explosive disorder) or were too rare in at least one of the studies to permit meaningful analyses (e.g. psychotic disorders, SUD related to illicit or prescribed substances)(Trautmann et al 2014;Wittchen et al 2013).…”

Associations between oxytocin and vasopressin concentrations, traumatic event exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: group comparisons, correlations, and courses during an internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment

“…Both healthy control groups did not fulfill criteria for PTSD or any other mental disorder, as confirmed by the German version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Ackenheil et al, 1999 ; Sheehan et al, 1998 ). The first healthy control group consisted of service members who were deployed abroad and reported a deployment-related traumatic event according to the DSM-5 criterion (American Psychiatric Association et al, 2013 ), as confirmed in a telephone screening interview and by the List of the Mental Health Advisory Team (Zimmermann et al, 2014 ). The second healthy control group consisted of service members who were never deployed abroad and reported no traumatic event according to the DSM-5 criterion (American Psychiatric Association et al, 2013 ).…”

Evaluation of an internet-based intervention for service members of the German armed forces with deployment-related posttraumatic stress symptoms

“…Traumatic events were assessed at the first assessment with the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5 [70,71]; ), which assesses exposure to 16 selected types of potentially traumatic events (e.g., severe accident, severe physical injury) and provides the additional option to report any other potentially traumatic event. The List of the Mental Health Advisory Team (LMHAT [72]) was also used at the first assessment to assess 33 military-and deployment-related traumatic events.…”