Einstellung zu Kindheit und Familie

Gender roles and values of children: Childless Couples in East and West Germany

“…Hypothesis 5 states that women experienced higher opportunity costs of children than men, especially West-German women who wanted to have a career. Both Nauck (1993) and Bertram (1991) report findings in line with this presumption for West Germany.…”

“…Finally, I want to take up the more general hypothesis that the insurance value of children was higher among parents with fewer individual resources (hypothesis 7) as suggested by Nauck (2001). This is partly supported by Bertram's (1991) finding that people with lower educational levels or from lower social strata emphasized more often the insurance utility of children.…”

“…Following Byrne (2001) I first tried to establish baseline models for the four different subgroups. 19 When examining several goodness-of-fit statistics, a three-factor model similar to the one referred to by Bertram (1991Bertram ( , 1992) was the best model for West-German men. For West-German women, a model with a separate factor capturing opportunity costs led to the best model fit.…”

“…Earlier analyses of the FS have identified three dimensions of values of children, labelled as 'children as meaning of life', 'children as burden' and 'children as utility' (Bertram 1991(Bertram , 1992. A related study of Bavarian women found four factors, dividing the 'burden' into the 'material, psychic and social costs of children' and 'opportunity costs of children' (Nauck 1993).…”

Sozialkapital intersektional

“…Bei einer umfassenden Analyse müssen weiter relationale und positionale Aspekte erfragt werden. Dies kann beispielsweise über Messungen zur Kontakthäufigkeit und Wohnentfernung oder über Unterstützungen und Hilfeleistungen von bestimmten Personen im Netzwerk abgerufen werden (Bertram, 1991). Ein umfangreiche Messung der Dimensionen von Sozialkapital wird im eco-interactional developmental model vorgenommen (G. L. Bowen et al, 2008;G.…”