Ejection of Milk in Relation to Levels of Oxytocin Injected Intramuscularly

Graf, G.C.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(69)86684-1

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…He reported that, on average, the extra milk (or residual milk) removed from the udder amounted to 25-01 % of the total yield, with a minimum of 8-18% and a maximum of 43-03%. Working with cows Graf (1969Graf ( , 1970 and Lane et al (1970) also reported that the use of oxytocin during milking increased the period of milk flow and the yield of milk, confirming the contention that injection of oxytocin causes the secretion of more milk than would occur in normal milking.…”

Section: Milk Yieldmentioning

confidence: 73%

Studies on ewe's milk:V. The effect of high cereal diets on ewes and on the yield of milk and milk constituents

Poulton¹,

Ashton²

1972

J. Agric. Sci.

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Milk yields determined by a lamb-suckling and an oxytocin technique were compared using a control group of four ewes. Both methods showed a similar linear decrease in yield with advancing lactation, but the oxytocin method gave 23% more milk presumably because residual milk was included.When the diet of lactating ewes was changed so that the amounts of hay and commercial concentrates were reduced in favour of flaked maize, such severe acidosis developed when 39-5% of this food was introduced abruptly or 53% more gradually over one week, that the trials were discontinued.Rolled barley, which probably ferments more slowly, was therefore used instead of flaked maize. Levels up to 62-9 %, gradually introduced over a period of 3 weeks, also produced acidosis whose severity varied greatly in individual ewes.Milk yield was also determined by the oxytocin technique for ewes receiving normal diets followed by those rich in rolled barley, and the milk was analysed for fat, protein and lactose. The composition of the milk was extremely variable during rolled barley feeding, but there was an indication of an increase in the percentage of crude protein and also fat, after a marked fall in the latter in the milk of two ewes with the change to the low-fibre diet.Diet had little effect on yields of milk and its components but, on the rolled barley diets, the rate of decrease of these yields was arrested (or even reversed in the case of fat), with a high degree of significance (milk yield P < 0-05, fat yield P < 0-01, protein yield JP < 0*01). These observations are discussed, in the light of knowledge on the effect of diet on molar proportions of volatile fatty acids in the rumen.

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Section: Milk Yieldmentioning

confidence: 73%

Studies on ewe's milk:V. The effect of high cereal diets on ewes and on the yield of milk and milk constituents

Poulton¹,

Ashton²

1972

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…administered over a short period (2 d) prior to milking result in either a significant increase in milk production [33,34] or no change in milk yield, but induce an increase in milk flow rate and a shorter machine milking time [82]. According to Knight [48], administration of large quantities of oxytocin (20 I.U.)…”

Section: Effects Of Exogenous Oxytocin Administration On Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin and milk removal: two important sources of variation in milk production and milk quality during and between milkings

Lollivier¹,

Guinard-Flament²,

Ollivier-Bousquet³

et al. 2002

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-This review describes the effects of milking (routine and management) on milk yield and milk quality on dairy ruminants and examines the physiological effects of milking on the synthesis and secretion of milk. During milking, differences in the composition of milk as a result of milk ejection reflex are observed: the cisternal milk, immediately available, contains little fat, then milk ejection provokes active transport of high-fat content alveolar milk, into the cisternal compartment. Milking frequency has the capacity to affect milk production too. So, an increase in milking frequency augments milk yield whereas a decrease in milking frequency decreases milk production, with effects on milk composition. The milk ejection reflex is mediated by oxytocin, which induces myoepithelial cell contraction. Nevertheless, other actions of oxytocin may exist, such as a direct effect on proliferation and differentiation of myoepithelial cells and on secretory processes in the mammary epithelial cells. milking / milk ejection / oxytocin / physiological effects / milk quantity and quality Résumé -Ocytocine et vidange mammaire : deux facteurs de variation essentiels de la quantité et la qualité du lait pendant la traite et entre les traites. Cette revue bibliographique pré-sente les effets de la traite (technique et conduite) sur la production quantitative et qualitative de lait, puis précise les mécanismes d'action des effets physiologiques de la traite sur la synthèse et la sécrétion des composants du lait. Au cours d'une traite, la composition du lait évolue, grâce au réflexe d'éjection du lait qui provoque le transfert du lait alvéolaire, riche en matières grasses, vers la citerne. Ainsi, le lait de début de traite est pauvre en matière grasse, tandis que le lait de fin de traite est riche en matière grasse. Les rythmes de traite ont aussi un impact sur la production laitière. Ainsi, l'accroissement de la fréquence de traite augmente la production laitière alors que la réduction du nombre de traite la diminue, avec des répercussions en terme de qualité du lait. L'hormone responsable de l'éjection du lait, l'ocytocine, exerce son rôle de vidange mammaire par déclenchement de la Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42 (2002) 173-186 173

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“…Oxytocinergic signaling thus appears to play an important role in multiple GI functions that are subject to neuronal regulation. enteric nervous system; nurture; oxytocin receptor knockout; colitis OXYTOCIN (OT) is best known as a hormone produced in hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurons that stimulates OT receptors (OTR) to initiate milk letdown and parturition (16,17,39,47,57). OT/OTR, however, also participate in additional nurture-related central nervous system (CNS) processes that oppose stress, such as bonding and social interaction (6,16,21,26,56).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin regulates gastrointestinal motility, inflammation, macromolecular permeability, and mucosal maintenance in mice

Welch

Margolis

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

130

136

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Enteric neurons express oxytocin (OT); moreover, enteric neurons and enterocytes express developmentally regulated OT receptors (OTRs). Although OT (with secretin) opposes intestinal inflammation, physiological roles played by enteric OT/OTR signaling have not previously been determined. We tested hypotheses that OT/OTR signaling contributes to enteric nervous system (ENS)-related gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. GI functions and OT effects were compared in OTR-knockout (OTRKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Stool mass and water content were greater in OTRKO mice than in WT. GI transit time in OTRKO animals was faster than in WT; OT inhibited in vitro generation of ENS-dependent colonic migrating motor complexes in WT but not in OTRKO mice. Myenteric neurons were hyperplastic in OTRKO animals, and mucosal exposure to cholera toxin (CTX) in vitro activated Fos in more myenteric neurons in OTRKO than WT than in WT mice; OT inhibited the CTX response in WT but not in OTRKO mice. Villi and crypts were shorter in OTRKO than in WT mice, and transit-amplifying cell proliferation in OTRKO crypts was deficient. Macromolecular intestinal permeability in OTRKO was greater than WT mice, and experimental colitis was more severe in OTRKO mice; moreover, OT protected WT animals from colitis. Observations suggest that OT/OTR signaling acts as a brake on intestinal motility, decreases mucosal activation of enteric neurons, and promotes enteric neuronal development and/or survival. It also regulates proliferation of crypt cells and mucosal permeability; moreover OT/OTR signaling is protective against inflammation. Oxytocinergic signaling thus appears to play an important role in multiple GI functions that are subject to neuronal regulation.

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Ejection of Milk in Relation to Levels of Oxytocin Injected Intramuscularly

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Studies on ewe's milk:V. The effect of high cereal diets on ewes and on the yield of milk and milk constituents

Studies on ewe's milk:V. The effect of high cereal diets on ewes and on the yield of milk and milk constituents

Oxytocin and milk removal: two important sources of variation in milk production and milk quality during and between milkings

Oxytocin regulates gastrointestinal motility, inflammation, macromolecular permeability, and mucosal maintenance in mice

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