Ejercicio físico y depresión en adultos mayores: una revisión sistemática

Introduction: Depression is a concerning mental health disorder. It is the first cause of inability worldwide, which entails high economic costs for the public system. Current evidence suggests that physical activity is an effective tool for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms. Objective: To examine the relationship between the cases of depressive symptoms and depression presented by the adult Spanish population and the days per week of physical activity and strength training that they perform. Design: It is a cross-sectional study with data from the European Health Survey of Spain 2020 (EESE 2020), consisting of 10,024 males and 11,126 females, between 18 and 84 years, which conformed the sample of 21,150 participants. Results: Depressive symptoms and depression were related to days of PA per week, PA frequency per week and strength training days per week (p < 0.001), depressive symptoms and depression were found to have higher prevalence in the inactive groups than in the active groups (p < 0.05); this phenomenon was found in both sexes and age groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression were associated with physical activity in the general population, by sex and by age group too. The prevalence of both were higher in the inactive population than in the active population of all ages and sexes. Future studies are required to confirm the relationship between PA and depression prevalence, in order to establish the scope of the effect of PA on depressive symptoms and depression.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity Frequency and Depression in the Spanish Population

Denche-Zamorano

Ajenjo-Gomez

Pereira-Payo

et al. 2022

“…Depression is a multifactorial disease, and in this sense, current research shows how nutritional and physical activity habits could directly affect the symptomatology of depression [ 14 , 15 ]. In this line, physical activity improves physical fitness, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in the current population [ 16 ]. There is sufficient evidence that demonstrates a bidirectional association between a sedentary lifestyle and depressive disorders; therefore, it is biologically evident that exercise can have antidepressant effects [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Patterns of Depression Patients and Control Population

Carreira-Míguez

Navarro-Jiménez

Clemente-Suárez

2022

Behavioral and multifactorial factors, such as psychological, nutritional, dental pathology, and physical activity habits, are factors that control depression. The objective of the present study was to analyze the differences in the behavioral, psychological, nutritional, dental pathology, and physical activity patterns of the depressed and control population. Forty-eight participants with depression (45.7 ± 12.0) and one hundred participants in a control group without any pathology or medication (48.9 ± 7.9) were interviewed using an online questionnaire. The multifactorial items of psychology, oral behavior, nutritional habits, and physical activity profile were analyzed through a set of questionnaires. The results showed how the depression group showed significantly higher psychological measures related to personality, anxiety, depression, loneliness, perceived stress, and psychological inflexibility than the control group. The control group showed significantly higher weekly vitality, vitality at the end of the week, weekly frequency of juice, wine, coffee, fresh vegetable salad, and Bristol scale than the depression group. Higher values of migraine headache, weekly soft drink frequency, and digestion after meals were found in the depression group. In addition, patients with depression also presented poor dental health, presenting higher rates of gastritis or heartburn, dry mouth, dental sensitivity, and sick days per year than the control group. Both groups presented a pattern of low physical activity. This information allows a better understanding of a multifactorial disease, as well as the creation of intervention and prevention protocols for this disease at a behavioral and lifestyle level.

“…In relation to this, Matias et al [ 122 ] reported that physical activity is associated with reduced prevalence of diagnosed depressive symptoms. Currently, physical exercise (both cardiovascular and strength exercise training) is seen as an effective treatment that is associated with significant reductions in and less frequency of symptoms in patients with clinical management for depression [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the unified theory, these strategies address the three potential ingredients that can contribute to depression: (i) a metabolically inefficient internal model; (ii) unreliable prediction errors; and, (iii) inaccurate precision signals [ 14 ]. Interestingly, due to the positive effects of increasing the level of physical activity on different components of quality of life (e.g., physiological, psychological, and social) [ 18 , 19 ], more and more studies are supporting physical exercise as an evidence-based treatment for depression [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In fact, physical activity is considered a mechanism to reduce the allostatic load in several populations [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptogens on Depression-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Integrative Review and Rationale of Synergism with Physical Activity

Sánchez-Rojas

Cuchimba

Pineda

et al. 2023

Depression is considered the most important disorder affecting mental health. The aim of this systematic integrative review was: (i) to describe the effects of supplementation with adaptogens on variables related to depression in adults; and (ii) to discuss the potential combination with physical exercise to aid planning and commissioning future clinical research. An integrative review was developed complementing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021249682). A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. With a Price index of 46.4%, we found that: (i) Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) is the most studied and supported adaptogen (17/41 [41.46%], three systematic reviews with meta-analysis) followed by Crocus sativus L. or saffron (6/41 [14.63%], three systematic reviews with meta-analysis and two systematic reviews); (ii) it is possible that the significantly better performance of adaptogens over placebo is due to the reduction of allostatic load via the action of secondary metabolites on BDNF regulation; and, (iii) the number of studies reporting physical activity levels is limited or null for those that combine an exercise program with the consumption of adaptogens. Aware of the need for a multidisciplinary approach for depression treatment, this systematic integrative review provides an up-to-date view for supporting the use of St. John’s Wort and saffron as non-pharmacological strategies while also help commissioning future research on the efficacy of other adaptogens. It also contributes to the design of future clinical research studies that evaluate the consumption of herbal extracts plus physical exercise, mainly resistance training, as a potentially safe and powerful strategy to treat depression.