Ekološki Menadžment U Funkciji Održivog Razvoja

Jovanović, Goca; Pančeva, Srbija Gradska uprava grada; Božilović, Slavko

doi:10.31410/eman.2018.629

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Razlog za ovakav trend može se naći u postojanju izraženih pritisaka na prirodu, koji su brojni i vremenom se povećavaju, rezultirajući povećanjem broja ugroženih vrsta i staništa na globalnom nivou (Maxwell et al, 2016). Pritisci na prirodu predstavljaju sve promjene i poremećaje u funkcionisanju bioloških procesa i sistema, praćene narušavanjem strukture ekosistema i integracije živog svijeta (Barudanović et al, 2015). Budući da intenzitet djelovanja pritisaka nije jednak u svim oblastima Zemlje, njihove oblike, kao i posljedice djelovanja, moguće je posmatrati na globalnom i lokalnom nivou, odnosno na različitim nivoima biološke raznolikosti.…”

Section: Izvodunclassified

“…Ovaj dio Evrope bio je pod intenzivnim antropogenim uticajem još od ranog neolita, posebno submediteransko i panonsko područje, pa su veliki dijelovi zemlje izmijenjeni, uglavnom krčeni, prilično rano zbog širenja poljoprivrede (Horvat et al, 1974). Imajući u vidu ovako veliku raznolikost abiotičkih faktora u BiH, ne čudi velika raznolikost flore i faune, sa velikim brojem endema (Lubarda et al, 2014;Redžić et al, 2009;Stupar et al, 2021) i sa, posljedično, velikom raznolikošću stanišnih tipova (Barudanović et al, 2015;Milanović & Stupar, 2019;Preislerová et al, 2022).…”

Section: Područje Istraživanja / Study Areaunclassified

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Pressures upon nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Assessment of their status and trends by groups of ecosystems

Stupar,

Avdibegović,

Barudanović

et al. 2022

GSFUBL

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Increasing drivers (i.e. pressures) on nature are present at the global scale, resulting in the upgrowth of the number of endangered species and habitats, as well as a decrease in the capacity of ecosystems to provide various benefits to the human population. Recent studies indicate that natural ecosystems are frequently unable to adequately and efficiently provide the flow of ecosystem services or nature’s contribution to people (i.e. NCP), emphasising that this negative trend will continue in the future. These trends can be linked with the existence of drivers or pressures on nature, which are numerous and have an increasing trend over time. Pressures on nature are all changes and disturbances in the functioning of biological processes and systems, followed by disruption of the ecosystem structure and the integration of the living world. In order to prevent the loss of biodiversity and ensure NCP, it is important to recognize and understand direct and indirect pressures on nature. In this sense, this paper presents the spatial distribution, intensity, trends and drivers of individual categories of pressures on nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as their combined effect. The presentation of pressures on nature is based on 16 broadly recognizable groups of ecosystems that include broad natural units (e.g. high mountain complexes), or a complex of ecological factors (e.g. dry and rocky meadows and pastures), the dominant type of use (e.g. agricultural areas) or the dominant type of pressures (e.g. urban areas) (Figures 2 and 3, Table 1). For the purposes of assessing the intensity of certain categories of pressures (direct and indirect) and their trends per ecosystem groups, an expert assessment procedure was carried out, using a structured research instrument, that enabled the analysis of experts’ views when it comes to the intensity and trend of certain categories of pressures for each ecosystem group (Tables 2 and 3). The results of this research indicate that the urban ecosystems, running water ecosystems and agricultural ecosystems are under the highest pressure, while the lowest pressures are associated with the underground and canyon ecosystems (Figures 4–13, 16). Direct pressures are generally rated as more intense than indirect pressures (Figures 14 and 15). For the majority of analysed direct and indirect pressures, similar effects and trends are confirmed as at the global level. According to the opinion of the experts, who participated in this research, overuse and pollution were assessed as the highest direct pressures on nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while institutional pressure was recognised as the highest indirect pressure. Keeping in mind that, according to their characteristics, institutional pressures are inseparable from the state authority and its institutions while, in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, they are inevitably linked to the socio-political organization and numerous criticisms of the (non)functioning of institutions. Groups of ecosystems with a significant share in total area (e.g. arable land, lowland and mountain deciduous forests and shrubs, etc.) are also characterized by high pressure with a moderate or increasing trend. Although competent institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina participated in various international processes, systemic and institutional activities that would result in the application of good practices of the international initiatives regarding nature protection and sustainable use of natural resources are often missing. In that sense, the results of this research provide the decision-makers and the scientific community with scientifically based arguments and overall directions for the decision-making process and conducting future research in the field of natural resources and their sustainable use.

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Section: Izvodunclassified

Section: Područje Istraživanja / Study Areaunclassified

Pressures upon nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Assessment of their status and trends by groups of ecosystems

Stupar,

Avdibegović,

Barudanović

et al. 2022

GSFUBL

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“…Ne treba, zato što nema govora o namernom i lošem postupanju lekara prema pacijentu, a drugo, pacijent ima pravo na izbor lekara i u takvim slučajevima postupa prema sopstvenom nahođenju, bez obzira na upozorenje njegovog izabranog lekara da se pridržava stručnih saveta i da se disciplinovano vlada u odnosu na svoj zdravstveni status. Polazeći od činjenice da je prevencija u medicini izgubila svoju poziciju (25), a mogla je mnoge nesrećne slučajeve povoljno da reši, postavlja se pitanje kako reaguje pravosuđe i ima li osnova da u takvim slučajevima traži namernu grešku bilo kog lekara. Fakat, ona može nastupiti i svako svestan principa errare humanum est mora na nju računati, ali je veliko pitanje da li je ljudski namerno grešiti da bi krajnji ishod bio poguban?…”

Section: Suština Lekarske Greškeunclassified

“…No, because there is no question of deliberate misconduct of doctor to the patient, and secondly, the patient has the right to choose a doctor and in such cases acts conscientiously, regardless of the warning of his chosen doctor to comply with professional advices and to be disciplined in relation to his own health status. Starting from the fact that the prevention has lost its position in medicine (25), despite being able to favorably solve many accidents, rises the question, how the judicial system reacts and is there any basis to require a deliberate mistake of any doctor in such cases. Clearly, it might occur and every person conscious of principles errare humanum est must count on it, but still remains the question is it human to deliberately make a mistake so the final outcome would be fatal?…”

Section: The Essence Of Medical Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

The legal understanding of intentional medical error

Totić¹

2017

Med gl Spec Bol Zlatibor

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Sažetak: Rad je posvećen lekaru, profesionalcu i humanisti koji se posvetio medicini i obavezao na doživotno učenje, na etiku i pružanje pomoći ugroženim, čak i protiv njihovog izričitog pristanka. Tema je fokusirana na problem namerne lekarske greške, sa ciljem da istu negira u tom kontekstu, da savesnog lekara zaštiti od delikta i oslobodi moralnog tereta. U radu se teži odgovoru na pitanje, ako je greška nastala kao promašaj lekara na štetu korisnika (pacijent), kako u tom slučaju tretirati njegov pokušaj, učinjen profesionalno i sa najboljom namerom, bez obzira na fatalan ishod? Osim toga, medicinsko-pravna teorija i praksa, pored namerne, poznaju i nenamernu lekarsku grešku za čije nastajanje nije predviđena nikakva odgovornost, jer se ponašanje lekara ne kosi sa medicinskom etikom, standardima i pravilima. S tim u vezi, autor svoje istraživanje bazira na sledećim pitanjima: da li uopšte postoji namerna lekarska greška, ko je spreman da svesno ugrozi pacijenta postupcima protivnim medicinskim pravilima (nemar, izbegavanje pružanja pomoći, pogrešna dijagnoza, nepropisna terapija, neodgovoran odnos, diskriminacija), ko je kompetentan da preduzetu radnju proglasi greškom (namerna, nenamerna) i koji su dokazi potrebni da bi se surovo atakovalo na integritet vrhunskog stručnjaka, koji će biti okrivljen i procesuiran? Literatura obiluje tvrdnjama da je lekarska greška stara koliko i sama medicina, što nije tačno. Takođe, netačno je da se njeno prvo pojavljivanje vezuje za sredinu XIX veka. U pitanju je grubo potiranje davnih medicinskih tragova, imajući u vidu da je i pre navedenog perioda postojala vrlo uspešna medicina sa kvalitetnim narodnim lekarima i njihovim briljantnim uspesima, ali i sa bolestima i umrlim licima. Što se tiče podatka o tačnom nastanku lekarske greške, stav autora je da isti nikada ne mora biti saopšten jer je u domenu istorije koja, za razliku od mnogih nauka, nije egzaktna i ne mora joj se uvek verovati. Svaka lekarska greška je višestruko zanimljiva, najpre istraživačima u pravom smislu te reči, a onda i kolumnistima senzacionalistima. Potonji vide krivca jedino u lekaru, jer mnogi od njih nisu prisustvovali sceni kada isti poražen napušta Službu hitne pomoći, ordinaciju, operacionu salu ili drugi zdravstveni prostor, jer mu se dogodilo nešto najstrašnije u struci -izgubio je pacijenta. Senzacionalisti se retko bave scenama kada očaj i suze ustupaju mesto radostima, osmehu i egzaltaciji. Ne shvataju da je nemoguće sresti lekara koji će potpuno svesno, dakle, namerno pogaziti struku, etičke vrednosti, Hipokratovu zakletvu, direktno ugroziti zdravlje ili život pacijenta, odnosno napraviti namernu grešku i izvršiti krivično delo.Ključne reči: lekarska greška, pacijent, medicinski standardi, medicinsko pravo, veštačenje UVODRasprave o lekarskoj greški tradicionalno izazivaju žučne polemike. U slučaju njenog nastanka, po inerciji se javljaju pozvani i nepozvani, mahom laici, da iznesu svoja mišljenja, da polemišu, da li je namerno ili nenamerno učinjena i da bez relevantnih dokaza unapred pre...

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Ekološki Menadžment U Funkciji Održivog Razvoja

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Pressures upon nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Assessment of their status and trends by groups of ecosystems

Pressures upon nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Assessment of their status and trends by groups of ecosystems

The legal understanding of intentional medical error

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