El Castellet de Banyoles (Tivissa): Una ciudad ibérica en el curso inferior del río Ebro

Abstract

RESUMENAunque es un yacimiento recurrentemente mencionado en la bibliografía especializada, hasta hace pocos años el Castellet de Banyoles sólo era realmente conocido por los hallazgos monetarios y de elementos suntuarios de carácter ritual, a parte de las torres pentagonales de tipo helenístico que flanquean su puerta. Los trabajos realizados desde 1998 han permitido precisar la datación del primer asentamiento entre el último tercio del siglo III a.C. y principios del II a.C., y han mostrado la existencia en ese momento de una muralla de compartimentos de tipo púnico. También han traído a luz un extenso sector de hábitat -que probablemente corresponde a un grupo gentilicio-, con casas de distintos tipos y tamaños, y un posible santuario. Con una superficie de 4,5 ha, se trata de una pequeña ciudad que agrupaba toda la población de la hoya de Móra, siguiendo un modelo mononuclear inédito en el mundo ibérico septentrional, y que tal vez se explique por razones estratégicas en un contexto histórico convulso a causa de la expansión bárquida y la segunda guerra púnica.

Geophysical survey of the Iberian site (seventh–third centuries bc) of Masies de Sant Miquel (Catalonia, Spain). Interpretative challenges of geophysical data of an Iberian town

“…Consequently, we could suggest that the area between Streets C2 and C3 was occupied by several houses of perhaps a few hundred square metres. These figures are closer to those attested at other sites of similar size, particularly Castellet de Banyoles (Tivissa), a town with an area of some 4.5 ha (Sanmartí et al, , 43), a size similar to that of Masies de Sant Miquel.…”

“…Such simple houses are indeed present at many Iberian sites, but we cannot rule out the possibility that some of these rectangular spaces communicated laterally to form larger structural units, perhaps composed of two or even three spaces of this type. Such dwellings have been attested, for example, at Castellet de Banyoles (Sanmartí et al, , 55–56) and Puig Castellar in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Ferrer & Rigo, ). Having said that, the geophysical results suggest a lack of large, more complex houses in this area, except in the northernmost part, where a more complex building with rectangular rooms opening onto an elongated central space accessible from Street C3 can be made out.…”

“…This includes the large sites, some of which are urban in nature, as well as smaller, second‐order towns and villages and, at the bottom of the system, farms and isolated houses scattered across the landscape. Large and mid‐sized Iberian settlements were mainly located on hilltops or stretching across hillsides, although some are found in flat settings, either on lowlands (Masies de Sant Miquel), islands (Illa d'en Reixac) (Codina, Plana‐Mallart & De Prado, in press) or plateaux like Castellet de Banyoles (Sanmartí, Asensio, Miró, & Jornet, ).…”

Architecture and Urbanism in the Fortified Settlement of Pech Maho (Sigean, France) in the Third Century BC: A Social and Economic Perspective

“…, 178; Sanmartí et al . , 55), Bastida de les Alcusses (Vives‐Ferrándiz , 106) and El Oral (Abad and Sala ; , 151 and after). More specifically, the distribution of spaces in UNF111 is similar to Houses 1 and 2 at Pontós.…”

Urbanization in Iberia and Mediterranean Gaul in the first millennium BC

“…In the 1930s, two pentagonal towers flanking the main entrance were revealed and a number of buildings were excavated in the early 1940s (Vilaseca, Serra Ràfols and Brull 1949). In the late 1970s, Ramon Pallarès carried out some trials (Pallarés 1984a(Pallarés , 1984b(Pallarés and 1987 and since 1998 the University of Barcelona has undertaken large excavations that have uncovered a substantial part of the site Sanmartí et al 2012;) (Fig. 9).…”