El desarrollo espacial de las comunidades Chachapoyas bajo la dominación colonial inka y española

Abstract

ResumenLos chachapoyas han sido percibidos como una entidad cultural periférica en relación con las otras sociedades de los Andes. Queda claro que la cultura material relacionada con los chachapoyas fue desarrollada antes de 1000 d.C., pero lo que no queda claro es si tuvo un carácter uniforme a nivel regional. En los Andes prehispánicos la centralización urbana y la presencia de arquitectura con una separación clara de espacios se han utilizado como evidencias de las transformaciones sociales y políticas. Por otra parte, es probable que las conquistas de los inkas y los españoles hayan resultado en cambios radicales en las relaciones de trabajo, la economía y las prácticas religiosas de los grupos étnicos conquistados. En la actualidad hay pocas investigaciones que hayan estudiado cómo las prácticas sociales cambiaron bajo diferentes regímenes. En este estudio se emplea una perspectiva de escala para entender las implicancias de estos cambios en la región de Chachapoyas. El objetivo es comprender mejor el desarrollo de las comunidades chachapoyas. Este trabajo aborda la importancia de la centralización de una de estas comunidades, Purun Llacta de Soloco, y el papel de su arquitectura en los cambios en el desarrollo social y político de los asentamientos que lo rodeaban. Abstract THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHACHAPOYA COMMUNITIES UNDER INKA AND SPANISH COLONIAL DOMINATIONe Chachapoya have come to be seen as a peripheral cultural entity in relation to the broader pre-Columbian Andes. While the material culture associated with the Chachapoya developed prior to AD 1000, it is unclear how uniform this process was on a regional level. In the pre-Columbian Andes, the development of centralized and partitioned monumental architecture has been commonly used as evidence for social and political transformations. Furthermore, the incursions of the Inka and Spanish conquests likely imposed radical changes in the labor, economic, and religious practices of conquered ethnic groups, yet little work has addressed how social practices changed under different regimes. is paper utilizes a scalar perspective to understand the implication of these changes for the Chachapoya region. To better understand the development of Chachapoya communities, this paper addresses the significance of centrality for one such community, Purun Llacta de Soloco, and the role that the construction of its architecture and changes to the surrounding settlement rendered in its social and political development.

Genetic assessment reveals no population substructure and divergent regional and sex-specific histories in the Chachapoyas from northeast Peru

“…In addition, its location, closer to the lush Amazonian rainforests, may have been of interest for Spanish conquistadors when pursuing expeditions in search of El Dorado [ 4 , 10 ] which may have prompted the settlement of more Spanish people in the area. The high European genetic contribution observed in the Kuelap group is, in turn, slightly puzzling as the Inca and Spanish cultural presence on the left bank of the Utcubamba river, where this sample set comes from, seems to have been less significant than on the other side [ 4 , 51 , 59 , 66 ]. Interestingly, the Chillaos subgroup harbors less European admixture, complying somehow with this pattern described by archaeology and ethnohistory.…”

Linking Past and Present Land-Use Histories in Southern Amazonas, Peru

“…Settlement patterns appear to vary by subregion [44,55], but hilltop and ridge-top sites are common and range in size from fewer than a dozen structures each in the smallest sites to more than 500 in the largest [56]. Structures vary in floor area, height, and masonry, but their forms are generally circular; some are decorated with elaborate friezes containing both geometric and figurative elements [55,[57][58][59][60]. While hundreds of these sites have been documented through both pedestrian survey and remote sensing, systematic coverage has been hindered by the region's steep terrain, frequent cloud cover, and often dense vegetation.…”

Lasers Without Lost Cities: Using Drone Lidar to Capture Architectural Complexity at Kuelap, Amazonas, Peru

“…Early models presumed that these traits-which include hilltop settlements comprised of circular houses, sometimes with large platform bases and exterior mosaic friezes, as well as certain decorative motifs in pottery and textiles-outlined a cultural unity that underlay the apparent regional political coherence presented in the chronicles (Church 1996: Church andGuengerich 2017). However, historical research suggests that the political and ethnic landscapes of the eastern slopes of Amazonas, La Libertad, and San Martin departments were quite fragmented (Espinoza Soriano 1967; Ruiz Estrada 2017), and recent archaeological research has highlighted additional diversity in material culture, casting doubt on the unity of Chachapoya culture, even as some elements of shared traditions remain evident (Crandall 2017;McCray 2017;Church and Guengerich 2017).…”