El futuro del trabajo en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿Cómo será el mercado laboral para las mujeres? (versión interactiva)

Bustelo, Monserrat; Suaya, Agustina; Viollaz, Mariana

doi:10.18235/0001933

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…We use the classification of occupations from IPUMS in 2000. 3 For the years 1992 and 2008, this classification matched more than 97% of the occupations in our databases. We therefore use the same 2000 classification in the three years.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 61%

“…We use the definition of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and refer to STEM jobs as those in which workers use their knowledge of science, technology, engineering, or math to try to understand how the world works and to solve problems. As argued in Bustelo et al (2019), early biases in career choices reinforce the inequalities observed in the labor market. This is likely to be the case in particular for STEM occupations since they tend to have high wages and because women are often underrepresented in these jobs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A possible policy to alleviate this is to promote family-friendly legislation that expands maternity leave and/or allows for men to benefit from paternity leave programs. As shown in Bustelo et al (2019), childcare policies that increase women's labor force participation could result in a permanent increase in GDP per capita of 6% as a result of such policies. Our results suggest that such policies could result in a much higher participation of women with young children in STEM jobs.…”

Section: Additional Barriers For Households With Young Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Gaps in STEM Occupations in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Mexico

Cuberes¹,

Saravia²,

Teignier³

2022

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This paper documents the existence of significant gender gaps in STEM occupations in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Mexico and estimates the aggregate costs associated with these gaps in Mexico. For Mexico we calibrate and simulate a version of the general equilibrium occupational choice model of Hsieh et al. (2019) to estimate the output losses associated with these differences since 1992. We find that if barriers in STEM occupations were eliminated aggregate output would have been between 1% and 10% larger, depending on the year. If female-specific social norms were also eliminated, the rise in aggregate output would be between 1.4% and 14%. For comparison purposes, we also compute the gains of eliminating all the distortions in high-skilled occupations as well as in all occupations. We find that aggregate output would rise between 16.5% and 3.6% in the first case and between 36.7% and 12% in the latter.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Additional Barriers For Households With Young Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Gaps in STEM Occupations in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Mexico

Cuberes¹,

Saravia²,

Teignier³

2022

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“…In the LCR region, the time women allocate to unpaid care work and domestic labor is twice that of men (Bustelo et al, 2019). Studies have found that decision-making arrangements that empower women more are more likely to result in higher FLFP rates (Heath and Tan, 2020), and that social attitudes towards working women or men's preferences and beliefs about gender roles can have an impact on FLFP (Fernandez et al, 2004;Fernandez, 2013;.…”

Section: Social Norms and Attitudes Towards Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women in Paid Employment: A Role for Public Policies and Social Norms in Guatemala

Almeida¹,

Viollaz²

2022

Policy Research Working Papers

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Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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“…Education is the nearlybridged gap; however, although women in South America account for 60% of graduates in tertiary and university degrees, they represent only 30% of all STEM graduates (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) (BID, 2018). When women are present in these sectors, they fall on the lower salary scale (Bustelo, Suaya, and Viollaz, 2019).…”

Section: The Forum's Report Makes Recommendations For Reversing the Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender job gaps and challenges in the digital economy: Findings from global governance entities

Cadena

2020

cuad.adm.

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This paper presents a detailed review of the most recent studies on gender-related work gaps that the leading entities of global governance have developed. Emphasis will be placed on the findings that point to persistent lower female participation in the field of work, lower wages, and little representation in senior corporate management positions and the public sector. The reviewed studies come mainly from entities leading the lawmaking actions of national governments, namely, the United Nations (UN), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the Development Cooperation Organization. All agree that women face new and complex challenges, such as those brought on by the technological and scientific transformations that are changing the world’s labor scenario, in addition to the already existing gaps. Issues such as digitization, automation, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies will further transform society. Such effects could profoundly impact women because, despite being trained in varied branches of knowledge, they are an underrepresented minority in the fastest growing areas, namely, the so-called STEM (the acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). Therefore, the above entities suggest actions that prevent the progress made from rapidly eroding and the emergence of modern forms of segregation, displacement, or precarization of women’s work.

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El futuro del trabajo en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿Cómo será el mercado laboral para las mujeres? (versión interactiva)

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Gender Gaps in STEM Occupations in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Mexico

Gender Gaps in STEM Occupations in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Mexico

Women in Paid Employment: A Role for Public Policies and Social Norms in Guatemala

Gender job gaps and challenges in the digital economy: Findings from global governance entities

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