“…El Niño is the dominant mode of interannual variability in the CCS and can produce anomalous circulation including advection of water masses into the southern CCS from Baja California or southern offshore waters (Chavez, 1996;Chavez et al, 2002;Jacox et al, 2016;Lynn & Bograd, 2002;Simpson, 1984). El Niño impacts on CCS ecosystems vary substantially, but past major El Niños reduced phytoplankton biomass (Chavez, 1996;Fiedler, 1984;Kahru & Mitchell, 2000), produced anomalous subtropical zooplankton influxes (Bednaršek et al, 2018;Lavaniegos et al, 2002;Lavaniegos & Ohman, 2007;Lilly & Ohman, 2018;Rebstock, 2001), and altered survival and spatial distributions of seabirds and marine mammals (Keiper et al, 2005; D. E. Lee et al, 2007;Thayer & Sydeman, 2007).…”