El registro fósil de los peces mexicanos de agua dulce

Abstract

El registro fósil de los peces de agua dulce en México, si bien es escaso, se ha visto incrementado durante los últimos años. Estos fósiles se conocen en 39 localidades, de las cuales 4, ubicadas en el norte del país, son cretácicas y cuentan con restos de cf. †Melvius sp., Amiidae, Lepisosteidae y †Ceratodus sp., grupos que no vuelven a registrarse como fósiles en periodos posteriores. Las demás localidades son cenozoicas (Oligoceno a Pleistoceno) y poseen faunas modernas; se ubican principalmente en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana y la mayoría son pleistocénicas. La diversidad de peces fósiles incluye 12 familias y por lo menos 26 géneros y 39 especies, y de estas últimas, algunas únicamente son conocidas como fósiles. La ubicación de las localidades cenozoicas con relación a los drenajes e ictiofauna actuales sugiere eventos de cambios en la hidrología de algunas cuencas recientes. Para ampliar el conocimiento sobre este grupo de peces se requiere realizar trabajo prospectivo activo en las zonas menos exploradas, como los bolsones del norte y las cuencas tropicales del sur de México, aplicar técnicas de recuperación y de estudio más finas, así como incorporar las nuevas técnicas para análisis moleculares e isotópicos, entre otros.

Comparative historical biogeography of three groups of Nearctic freshwater fishes across central Mexico

“…For the goodeins, the calibration point was based on the earliest goodeid fossil species, Tapatia occidentalis Álvarez & Arriola‐Longoria 1972 from the late Miocene c . 9 million years ago (MYA), which was located in the Santa Rosa Canyon in Amatitán, Jalisco, within the Santiago River basin (Álvarez & Arriola‐Longoria, ; Guzmán & Polaco, ). Because this fossil species demonstrates phylogenetic affinity with members of the tribe Chapalichthyini (Guzmán, ), the calibration point was placed in the stem group of Chapalichthyini.…”

The first occurrence of a fresh water percomorph fish (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) in the Ixtapa Formation (Miocene), Chiapas, southeastern Mexico

“…Cenozoic freshwater fish localities containing spiny-rayed fishes are scarce in Mexico. Most of the fossil beds with percomorph fossil records represent marine environments and belong to the Paleogene of Chiapas or to the Neogene of the Baja California peninsula (González-Rodríguez et al, 2013;Alvarado-Ortega et al, 2015;Guzmán, 2015). Inside the Paleogene strata, currently, are known flute-mouth fishes, sea basses, and some undetermined percomorphs (Alvarado-Ortega et al, 2015;Cantalice and Alvarado-Ortega, 2017;Cantalice et al, 2018).…”

“…In the Paleogene, there is also a small bony fish fossil found in Tepexi de Rodriguez, Puebla. This fish was recovered in the Oligocene continental strata of Ahuehuetes locality and was originally considered a percomorph member of the Order Cyprinodontiformes (Espinosa-Pérez et al, 1991;Guzmán, 2015), which could be considered the oldest percomorph record restricted to freshwater environments in Mexico. Nevertheless, we revised the material and the specimen seems to have some morphological features (i.e., the well-developed ceratobranchial 5 with ankylosed teeth) that could indicate some affinities with the ostariophysians of the Order Cypriniformes, such as first mentioned by González-Rodríguez et al (2013).…”

“…After refuting the presence of primary percomorph fossil fish in the Paleogene, we can suggest that the early diversification of derived endemic freshwater perch-like fish in Mexico started in the Neogene. In this Period, the oldest Mexican percomorph record is Tapatia occidentalis, an extinct species of the family Goodeidae from the Pliocene locality of Barranca de Santa Rosa, Amatitlán, Jalisco (Guzmán et al, 1998;González-Rodríguez et al, 2013, Guzmán, 2015. The percomorph fish from Ixtapa distinguish from T. occidentalis by the absence of gonopodium on the anal fin (see Guzmán, 2015: 663).…”

The paleoichthyofauna housed in the Colección Nacional de Paleontología of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

“…These are followed by micritic sandstone with siliciclastic bands and intraclasts of flint, limestone, and volcanic rocks (Cabral-Perdomo et al 2018). The fossil records of the unit are ichnites belonging to birds, camelids, felids, proboscideans, small artiodactyls (Cabral-Perdomo 1995, 2013, and bony fishes (González-Rodríguez et al 2013;Guzmán 2015). Fungus, leaves, leaflets, wood, and fruits of angiosperms are also well conserved in this unit, as well as ostracods and stromatolites (Beraldi-Campesi et al 2006).…”