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Colorni, A.; Burgess, Peter

doi:10.1023/a:1018360323287

Cited by 170 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Cryptocaryon irritans has four main life-cycle stages (Fig. 1): parasitic trophont, off-host protomont, reproductive tomont and infective theront [3]. The trophont lives within the host epithelium, and the typical clinical signs of cryptocaryonosis, including pinhead-sized white nodules covering the surface of the skin, gills and eyes, can be observed by the naked eye during this stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptional profile of the fish parasite Cryptocaryon irritans

Wang

et al. 2016

Parasites Vectors

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Background Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate ectoparasitic ciliate pathogen of marine fishes. It can infect most marine teleosts and cause heavy economic losses in aquaculture. There is currently no effective method of controlling this disease, and little information is available regarding the genes involved in its development and virulence. We aimed to investigate the distinct features of the three major life-cycle stages of C. irritans in terms of gene transcription level, and identify candidate vaccines/drug targets. We established a reference transcriptome of C. irritans by RNA-seq.MethodsThree cDNA libraries using total poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from trophonts, tomonts, and theronts was constructed and sequenced, respectively. Clean reads from the three stages were de novo assembled to generated unigene. Annotation of unigenes and transcriptomic comparison of three stages was performed.ResultsTotals of 73.15, 62.23, and 109.57 million clean reads were generated from trophont, tomont, and theront libraries, respectively. After de novo assembly, 49,104 unigenes were obtained, including 9,253 unigenes with significant similarities to proteins from other ciliates. Transcriptomic comparisons revealed that 2,470 genes were differentially expressed among the three stages, including 2,011, 1,404, and 1,797 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in tomont/theront, tomont/trophont, and theront/trophont pairwise comparisons, respectively. Based on the results of hierarchical clustering, all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were located in five major clusters. DEGs in clusters 1 and 2 were more highly expressed in tomonts than in other stages, DEGs in cluster 3 were dominant in the tomont and trophont stages, whereas clusters 4 and 5 included genes upregulated in the theront stage. In addition, Immobilization antigens (I-antigens) and proteases have long been considered major targets for vaccine development and potential drug targets in parasites, respectively. In the present study, nine putative I-antigens transcripts and 161 protease transcripts were found in the transcriptome of C. irritans.ConclusionIt was concluded that DEGs enriched in tomonts were involved in cell division, to increase the number of theronts and ensure parasite continuity. DEGs enriched in theronts were associated with response to stimuli, whereas genes enriched in trophonts were related to nutrient accumulation and cell growth. In addition, the I-antigen and protease transcripts in our transcriptome could contribute to the development of vaccines or targeted drugs. Together, the results of the present study provide novel insights into the physiological processes of a marine parasitic ciliate.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1919-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptional profile of the fish parasite Cryptocaryon irritans

Wang

et al. 2016

Parasites Vectors

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“…The ciliate protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans (Family: Cryptocaryonidae) [1] is an obligate ectoparasite that causes cryptocaryonosis, also known as white spot disease, in marine fish [2]. Although C. irritans is commonly found in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate waters at low infection intensity [3], infection by this parasite has emerged as a major problem in confined surroundings such as in mariculture and aquariums [4,5] due to the buildup of the parasite and high population density of fish in these systems [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key signs of cryptocaryonosis are the formation of pinhead-sized whitish nodules, mucus hyperproduction, skin discoloration, anorexia and respiratory difficulties [2]. C. irritans has low host specificity and can infect a taxonomically broad host range, including both temperate marine fish and saltwater-adapted fresh-water fish that do not encounter the disease naturally [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome analysis of the Cryptocaryon irritans tomont stage identifies potential genes for the detection and control of cryptocaryonosis

et al. 2010

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BackgroundCryptocaryon irritans is a parasitic ciliate that causes cryptocaryonosis (white spot disease) in marine fish. Diagnosis of cryptocaryonosis often depends on the appearance of white spots on the surface of the fish, which are usually visible only during later stages of the disease. Identifying suitable biomarkers of this parasite would aid the development of diagnostic tools and control strategies for C. irritans. The C. irritans genome is virtually unexplored; therefore, we generated and analyzed expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the parasite to identify genes that encode for surface proteins, excretory/secretory proteins and repeat-containing proteins.ResultsESTs were generated from a cDNA library of C. irritans tomonts isolated from infected Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer. Clustering of the 5356 ESTs produced 2659 unique transcripts (UTs) containing 1989 singletons and 670 consensi. BLAST analysis showed that 74% of the UTs had significant similarity (E-value < 10-5) to sequences that are currently available in the GenBank database, with more than 15% of the significant hits showing unknown function. Forty percent of the UTs had significant similarity to ciliates from the genera Tetrahymena and Paramecium. Comparative gene family analysis with related taxa showed that many protein families are conserved among the protozoans. Based on gene ontology annotation, functional groups were successfully assigned to 790 UTs. Genes encoding excretory/secretory proteins and membrane and membrane-associated proteins were identified because these proteins often function as antigens and are good antibody targets. A total of 481 UTs were classified as encoding membrane proteins, 54 were classified as encoding for membrane-bound proteins, and 155 were found to contain excretory/secretory protein-coding sequences. Amino acid repeat-containing proteins and GPI-anchored proteins were also identified as potential candidates for the development of diagnostic and control strategies for C. irritans.ConclusionsWe successfully discovered and examined a large portion of the previously unexplored C. irritans transcriptome and identified potential genes for the development and validation of diagnostic and control strategies for cryptocaryonosis.

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“…First, some species are dangerous parasites in farming or aquarium conditions. That is the case particularly of the protists Amyloodinium ocellatum (SARAIVA et al, 2011) and Cryptocaryon irritans, which are responsible for numerous cases of high mortality rates at farms and aquaria (COLORNI & BURGESS, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites of marine, freshwater and farmed fishes of Portugal: a review

Eiras

2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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An extensive literature review is made of the parasites in marine and freshwater fish in mainland Portugal, the Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, as well as in farmed fish. The host(s) of each parasite species, its location in the host, site of capture of the host, whenever possible, and all the available bibliographic references are described. The economic importance of some parasites and the zoonotic relevance of some parasitic forms are discussed. A general overview of the data is provided, and some research lines are suggested in order to increase and complement the current body of knowledge about the parasites of fish from Portugal.Keywords: Parasites, fish, pathology, economy, zoonotic diseases, Portugal. ResumoÉ feita uma revisão do conhecimento dos parasitas de peixes de Portugal com base em extensa compilação bibliográfica. São referidos os parasitas de peixes marinhos e de água doce do continente, dos Arquipélagos da Madeira e dos Açores, bem como os parasitas de peixes de piscicultura. Para cada espécie é indicado o hospedeiro, localização no hospedeiro, local de pesca quando possível, e referências bibliográficas disponíveis. Discute-se a importância econômica de alguns dos parasitas e a relevância zoonótica de algumas formas. É feita uma avaliação geral dos dados e sugerem-se linhas de pesquisa que aumentem e complementem o conhecimento atual sobre os parasitas de peixes de Portugal.

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Untitled

Cited by 170 publications

References 35 publications

Comparative transcriptional profile of the fish parasite Cryptocaryon irritans

Comparative transcriptional profile of the fish parasite Cryptocaryon irritans

Transcriptome analysis of the Cryptocaryon irritans tomont stage identifies potential genes for the detection and control of cryptocaryonosis

Parasites of marine, freshwater and farmed fishes of Portugal: a review

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