The
combination of difluoromethane (R32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
(R134a), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234ze(E)) has been recently proposed as a potential substitute
(R456A) for hydrofluorocarbon working fluids. For the design and process
simulation of refrigeration systems using refrigerant mixtures, precise
knowledge of their thermophysical properties, especially vapor–liquid
equilibrium (VLE), is crucial. To extend the experimental temperature
range, a liquid-recirculation analytical apparatus, classified as AnTLcirCapValVis, was redesigned and VLE data for the binary
mixtures of R32 + R134a, R32 + R1234ze(E), R134a + R1234ze(E), and
the ternary system of R32 + R134a + R1234ze(E) were measured over
the temperature range from 263.15 to 323.15 K. The standard uncertainties
of the temperature, pressure, and the mole fractions of liquid and
vapor phases are estimated to be within 10 mK, 0.5 kPa, and 0.005,
respectively. The Peng–Robinson–Stryjek–Vera–Version-2
(PRSV2) equation of state combined with the Wong–Sandler (WS)
mixing rule and the nonrandom two-liquid activity coefficient model
(NRTL) was used to fit the mixing parameters of the binary data from
this work and prior studies and to predict the ternary VLE properties.
In addition, Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations with an all-atom
force field were carried out to determine VLE properties and to characterize
the microscopic structure of these mixtures. Good agreement is found
between experiments, correlations, and simulations, which attests
to the predictive capabilities of the PRSV2 + WS + NRTL model and
molecular simulations.