Elaboration and dielectric study of ferroelectric or relaxor ceramics in the ternary system BaTiO3–NaNbO3–BaSnO3

Structure properties and dielectric relaxation of Ca0.1Na0.9Ti0.1Nb0.9O3 ceramic

“…The relaxor phenomenon has recently been explored in perovskite structure, viz. Ba 1− x Na x (Ti 0.8 Sn 0.2 ) 1− x NbO 3 , 46 (Pb 1−3 x /2 La x )(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 , 47 0.3Bi 1− x Y x FeO 3 -0.7Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 TiO 3 ( ref. 48 ) and (Pb 1−3 x /2 La x )(Zr 1− y Ti y )O 3 .…”

“…The studied system exhibits the distinctive feature of relaxor ferroelectrics, namely a strong dispersion of the maximum of 3 0 rmax at T < T m (T m is the maximum permittivity temperature) which shis towards higher temperature by decreasing progressively the value of 3 0 r as the frequency increases. The relaxor phenomenon has recently been explored 49 The diffuse dielectric behavior of relaxor materials has been attributed to the compositional uctuation (i.e., the presence of a microscopic domain in the macro polar region) and to the structural disorder in crystallographic sites when one or more cations occupy the same site in the structure; [50][51][52][53] in our case Ca 2+ by Na + in site A and Ti 4+ by Nb 5+ in site B. Table 3 shows the relaxor characteristics for our composition as the T m shi, DT m ¼ (T m (2 Â 10 5 Hz) À T m (10 2 Hz)), and the relative dispersion The width of the transition represents the DPT for the CNTN compound, which is very important in ferroelectric materials.…”

Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Lead‑Free Perovskite: Ca0,08Na0,92Sn0,08Nb0,92O3 Ceramic

“…Figure 6 shows the variation of the imaginary part of the admittance complex (B(f)) as a function of real parts (G(f)). It can also be seen in this figure that the variation is represented by a circle, which indicates the presence of a piezoelectric behavior of our developed compound [12]. In order to verify this behavior, we determine the piezoelectric parameters as a function of temperature, which are determined by the fitting of G and B.…”

Structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of NaNbO3–Ba0.6(Bi0.5K0.5)0.4TiO3 lead-free ceramics

“…NaNbO 3 and its related perovskite materials have attracted much attention because of their interesting electrical and mechanical properties [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Many NaNbO 3 -based lead-free systems, such as NaNbO 3 -CaTiO 3 [7], NaNbO 3 -SrTiO 3 [8], NaNbO 3 -BaTiO 3 [9], NaNbO 3 -BaSnO 3 [10], NaNbO 3 -CaSnO 3 [11], NaNbO 3 -BaSnO 3 -BaTiO 3 [12], and NaNbO 3 -BiCrO 3 [13], have been developed by the incorporation of ABO 3 -type compounds into NaNbO 3 , but these studies mostly focus on their dielectric properties because of their remarkable relaxor characteristics. It is also noted that the substitution of a small amount of K + [4] and Li + for Na + [14] will transform NaNbO 3 ceramics from an antiferroelectric to a ferroelectric.…”