Elastic 4He + 4He scattering in the hybrid quark-hadron model

Quark-Hadron Model for Elastic scattering between two-composite systems at relativistic energies

“…For momentum transfers − ≥ 0.25 ( / ) 2 , the results of hybrid model have shown closer values to the experimental data than those obtained from the nucleon and the quark models. Although the discrepancies between the sets of measurements at forward and large angles make the comparisons difficult, the full Glauber series calculation using the hybrid model developed in the present study gives a better agreement for − scattering than that obtained earlier [57] using different analysis for the hybrid model. Finally, it could be ensured that the quark degrees of freedom in the interior quark region really play an important role in improving the theoretical descriptions of − and − experimental data, especially at large momentum transfers.…”

“…For analyzing composite scatterings at very high energies, many investigations reported that the precise description of Glauber multiple scattering theory requires the consideration of quarks as a substructure inside the nucleon [55][56][57][58]. The first Glauber model calculation taking this consideration was made by Franco [55] to investigate α-p and α-α elastic scattering at center of mass energy √ = 89 and 126 , respectively.…”

“…Unfortunately, these truncated Glauber series calculation of quark model underestimated the full series evaluation of the conventional nucleonic picture. Subsequent studies, approximated also the calculation of full Glauber series, have been performed to investigate the same reactions with what is called the hybrid quark-hadron (HQH) model [56,57]. The model is hybrid because it switches on the interactions of the nuclear systems just for collision with impact parameter ≤ fm, which is taken to be the radius of the hadron, and describes the collision of > fm outside the hadronic region with the conventional interactions.…”

“…Following the remarkable analyses made by other authors [55][56][57], El-Gogary et al shared these efforts with an attempt other investigators [58] in which the quark and nucleon models are constructed using the formulas previously developed. [52][53][54].…”

Three-quark force in p–p elastic scattering

“…In general, in the framework of this theory, a good agreement with the proton-proton elastic scattering differential cross section, total cross section σ t and the ratio ρ of real to imaginary parts of protonproton elastic scattering amplitude in the forward direction was obtained at FNAL and CERN-ISR energy [10][11][12][13][14]. A a e-mail: el_hamam@sci.asu.edu.eg similar fit with the experimental data of the same protonproton quantities at the same energy was obtained by using many different other approaches, for example, the eikonalization approach [15], Bialas-Bzdak model [16], axiomatic quantum field theory [17] and others [18][19][20][21][22].…”