Tubular construction is synonymous with modern architecture. The familiar range of tubular sections, namely square, rectangular and circular hollow sections, has been recently extended to also include elliptical hollow sections. These new sections combine the elegance of circular hollow sections with the improved structural efficiency in bending of rectangular hollow sections, due to the differing flexural rigidities about the two principal axes. Following the introduction of structural steel elliptical hollow sections (EHS), a number of investigations into their structural response have been carried out. This paper presents a state of the art review of recent research on elliptical hollow sections, together with a sample of practical applications. The following aspects are addressed: fundamental research on elastic local buckling and post-buckling, cross-section classification, response in shear, member instabilities, connections and the behaviour of concrete filled EHS. Details of full scale testing and numerical modelling studies are described, and the generation of statistically validated structural design rules, suitable for incorporation into international design codes, is outlined.