“…In the case of three-dimensional elastic problems to satisfy boundary conditions with complicated shapes in an infinite solid, Hirai and Satake [38,39] proposed the analytical method of utilizing transformations between functions in cylindrical coordinates and those in spherical ones. For threedimensional elastic problems encountered in multi-layered soil systems, it becomes more difficult to satisfy accurately the boundary conditions between each layer in proportion to increase in soil layers because of the complication of integrations [21,22,34] included in three-dimensional elastic analyses. Furthermore, the three-dimensional elastic analyses for rectangular foundations have a tendency to become more complicated than circular foundations.…”