Elastic Fibers in the Intervertebral Disc: From Form to Function and toward Regeneration

Cyril, Divya; Giugni, Amelia; Bangar, Saie Sunil; Mirzaeipoueinak, Melika; Shrivastav, Dipika; Sharabi, Mirit; Tipper, Joanne L.; Tavakoli, Javad

doi:10.3390/ijms23168931

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…However, the application of such hydrogels for tissue regeneration of NP structures is limited because the hydrogels have relatively weak mechanical strength that does not provide sufficient support to withstand the physical demands of the spine. In addition, although a hydrogel addresses the aspect of water retention, it completely ignores the fact that the NP is also composed of a fibrous structure, as shown by Tavakoli et al [ 87 ] and reviewed by Cyril et al [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AF consists of 20–30 collagen fiber layers oriented in lamellar layers about 30–60° from vertical and alternating orientation of adjacent layers [ 25 , 26 ]. This fiber structure is responsible for the tensile strength of the AF [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Considering all this, it becomes evident that for the inner gel-like area of the NP, a porous textile structure is necessary; this serves as a reinforcing structure but leaves enough volume for the gel matrix to fill the entire area of the NP for pressure absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Textile Design of an Intervertebral Disc Replacement Device from Silk Yarn

et al. 2023

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Low back pain is often due to degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVD). It is one of the most common age- and work-related problems in today’s society. Current treatments are not able to efficiently restore the full function of the IVD. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to reconstruct the two parts of the intervertebral disc—the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the nucleus pulposus (NP)—in such a way that the natural structural features were mimicked by a textile design. Silk was selected as the biomaterial for realization of a textile IVD because of its cytocompatibility, biodegradability, high strength, stiffness, and toughness, both in tension and compression. Therefore, an embroidered structure made of silk yarn was developed that reproduces the alternating fiber structure of +30° and −30° fiber orientation found in the AF and mimics its lamellar structure. The developed embroidered ribbons showed a tensile strength that corresponded to that of the natural AF. Fiber additive manufacturing with 1 mm silk staple fibers was used to replicate the fiber network of the NP and generate an open porous textile 3D structure that may serve as a reinforcement structure for the gel-like NP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Design of an Intervertebral Disc Replacement Device from Silk Yarn

et al. 2023

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“…At the superficial layer, where the higher tensile strains are present, a cobweb-like elastin fiber network is observed, which increases the resistance of the cartilage to strain in different directions [ 77 ]. In the intervertebral disc, the multi-scale hierarchical structure of the elastic fibers plays a significant biomechanical role [ 78 , 79 ]. The organization of the fibers located between the lamellae of collagen fibers changes along with the load exerted on the disc [ 80 ], age, and pathology [ 79 , 81 ].…”

Section: Elasticity Of Soft Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview

Trębacz

Barzycka

2023

Biomolecules

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Human tissues must be elastic, much like other materials that work under continuous loads without losing functionality. The elasticity of tissues is provided by elastin, a unique protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammals. Its function is to endow soft tissues with low stiffness, high and fully reversible extensibility, and efficient elastic–energy storage. Depending on the mechanical functions, the amount and distribution of elastin-rich elastic fibers vary between and within tissues and organs. The article presents a concise overview of the mechanical properties of elastin and its role in the elasticity of soft tissues. Both the occurrence of elastin and the relationship between its spatial arrangement and mechanical functions in a given tissue or organ are overviewed. As elastin in tissues occurs only in the form of elastic fibers, the current state of knowledge about their mechanical characteristics, as well as certain aspects of degradation of these fibers and their mechanical performance, is presented. The overview also outlines the latest understanding of the molecular basis of unique physical characteristics of elastin and, in particular, the origin of the driving force of elastic recoil after stretching.

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“…Type I collagen is the main structural protein in the ECM and provides strength and stiffness. − The soluble PGs dissolve and diffuse freely in the interfibrillar space and increase the total volume of the fiber network, forming aqueous surroundings and shock absorbance ability . Elastin provides flexibility and fatigue endurance. ,− The configuration and arrangement of these networks govern the form and function of the tissue, and they have a crucial fundamental role in preventing premature failure in tissues. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collagen-Based Micro/Nano Fibrous Constructs: Step-By-Step Reverse Biomimetics of Structure and Mechanical Function

Sharon

Aharonov

Mordechai

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Multiscale micro−nano fibrous structures are a cutting-edge research area in material science and have drawn the attention of scientists in recent years. These structures are widely distributed in nature's materials and hold fascinating and unique properties, such as mechanical behaviors, high surface area to volume ratio, and special multiscale biological functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate step-by-step biomimetics of a multiscale composite material system and the influence of the different structural mechanisms on mechanical behavior. This is done using systematic biomimetics and investigation of the mechanical effect of every constituent. We have fabricated and characterized mechanically and structurally different material systems to get a comprehensive understanding of the structure−function relationship in multiscale biomimetic constructs (MSBCs) and examine the influence of the material selection and structure. We first characterized the electrospun nanofibers made of polyamide 6 (PA6) and gelatin-polyamide 6 (GPA6) and then constructed and characterized the combined constructs. Our micro−nano fibrous structures were constructed from combined unique coral collagen microfibers and PA6 and GPA6 nanofibers. These hierarchical structures demonstrated an entangled network of nanobridges among the micro collagen fibers. However, the GPA6-collagen structures showed better connectivity with the microfibers and were significantly stiffer and stronger than the PA6-collagen structures due to the material compatibility. Furthermore, our structures demonstrated a considerable resemblance with soft tissue structures. We embedded the MSBC in alginate hydrogel to form biocomposites that displayed a hyperelastic nonlinear behavior with significantly improved toughness and a remarkable similarity to the mechanical behavior of native soft tissues. Our results present great potential to be further developed as tailor-designed multiscale next-generation specialized structures for soft tissue repair and replacement.

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Elastic Fibers in the Intervertebral Disc: From Form to Function and toward Regeneration

Cited by 10 publications

References 167 publications

Textile Design of an Intervertebral Disc Replacement Device from Silk Yarn

Textile Design of an Intervertebral Disc Replacement Device from Silk Yarn

Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview

Collagen-Based Micro/Nano Fibrous Constructs: Step-By-Step Reverse Biomimetics of Structure and Mechanical Function

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