Elastic models of rock masses having one, two and three sets of joints

Gerrard, C M

doi:10.1016/0148-9062(82)90706-9

Cited by 127 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…From this equation, it is clear that the fracture aperture is much more important than the fracture spacing for permeability. Likewise, an equivalent compliance for coupling normal stress and normal strain in each direction can be derived as (Gerrard 1982)…”

Section: Equivalent Continuum Models Of Hm Behavior In Fractured Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models for orthogonal anisotropic solids (orthotropy) can be used to derive the coefficients in the D-matrix of Equation (50) according to Gerrard (1982). Coupling between fracture deformation and fluid flow can be provided using Biot's equations extended to fractures as in Equations (61) and (64).…”

Section: Equivalent Continuum Models Of Hm Behavior In Fractured Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of hydromechanical coupling in fractured rock engineering

Rutqvist

Stephansson

2003

Hydrogeology Journal

579

332

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This paper provides a review of hydromechanical (HM) couplings in fractured rock, with special emphasis on HM interactions as a result of or directly connected with human activities. In the early 1960s, the coupling between hydraulic and mechanical processes in fractured rock started to receive wide attention. A series of events-including dam failures, landslides, and injection-induced earthquakes-were believed to result from HM interaction. Moreover, the advent of the computer technology in the 1970s made possible the integration of nonlinear processes such as stress-permeability coupling and rock mass failure into coupled HM analysis. Coupled HM analysis is currently being applied to many geological engineering practices. One key parameter in such analysis is a good estimate of the relationship between stress and permeability. Based on available laboratory and field data it was found that the permeability of fractured rock masses tends to be most sensitive to stress changes at shallow depth (low stress) and in areas of low in situ permeability. In highly permeable fractured rock sections, fluid flow may take place in clusters of connected fractures that are locked open as a result of previous shear dislocation or partial cementation of hard mineral filling. Such locked open fractures tend to be relatively insensitive to stress and may therefore be conductive at great depths.Because of out the great variability of HM properties in fractured rock, and the difficulties in using laboratory data for deriving in situ material properties, the HM properties of fractured rock masses are best characterized in situ.

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Section: Equivalent Continuum Models Of Hm Behavior In Fractured Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equivalent Continuum Models Of Hm Behavior In Fractured Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydromechanical coupling in fractured rock engineering

Rutqvist

Stephansson

2003

Hydrogeology Journal

579

332

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“…When the thicknesses of the layers are very small compared with the characteristic length, e.g. the dimensions of a storage cavern, classical homogenization methods are usually utilized to account for the influence of the volume fraction and, preferably, of distribution and morphology of the inclusions (including the discontinuities) [21,22]. Good agreement can be achieved by using these homogenized continuum methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A new Cosserat‐like constitutive model for bedded salt rocks

Yang

Daemen

et al. 2009

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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SUMMARYSalt rocks are commonly used as geologic host rocks for storage of gas and crude oil, and are being considered for the disposal of radioactive waste. Different from the salt rock domes in many countries, the salt rock formations in China are usually laminar with many alternating layers, i.e. rock salt, anhydrite, and/or mudstone. Considering the unique stratigraphic characteristics of these salt rocks, a new Cosseratlike medium constitutive model is proposed in order to facilitate efficient modeling of the mechanical behavior of these formations. In this model, a new representative volume element, containing two different layers, is employed to simulate the compatibility of the meso-displacement between two different layers and also the bending effect. A new method for the deformation and failure analysis of bedded salt rocks is derived therefrom. Having the macro-average stresses, the conventional stresses in the different layers can be obtained in sequence. The conventional stresses can then be utilized in a routine way for the strength and failure analysis. For the initial numerical modeling, the new Cosserat-like medium is reduced to a transversely isotropic one. The simplified constitutive model for layered media is then implemented into FLAC3D codes. A test sample validates that the results by using the numerical model are in good agreement with that by using the built-in model, and the mesh size for the new model is reduced greatly. Finally, an application for the stability of oil storage caverns in deep thinly bedded salt rocks is carried out. The effects on convergence of storage caverns and on the failure of surrounding rock due to the presence of the mudstone interlayers (hard phase) are discussed in detail.

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“…The deformability of a jointed rock mass is usually expressed through the elastic properties Of the equivalent continuum using a compliant joint model of the rock mass (Gerrard, 1982). In the simplest case of a rock m a s containing a single set of parallel discontinuities, a set of elastic constants for an equivalent transversely isompic continuum may be determined.…”

Section: Behavior Of Discontinuous Rock Massesmentioning

confidence: 99%