Elastic properties of human cortical and trabecular lamellar bone measured by nanoindentation

A three-scale finite element investigation into the effects of tissue mineralisation and lamellar organisation in human cortical and trabecular bone

“…details regarding stress transfer between constituents in various mineral-collagen arrangements and its effect of macroscopic behaviour), see Figures 3(c) and 4. We propose that the approach developed in this study could be applied to further understand the large discrepancies in reports of mechanical behaviour of bone tissue between different experimental test methods (Runkle and Pugh 1975;Townsend et al 1975;Mente and Lewis 1989;Ryan and Williams 1989;Choi et al 1990;Rho et al 1993;Samelin et al 1996;Rho et al 1997;Rho et al 1998;Rho et al 1999;Zysset et al 1999;Hoffler et al 2000;Ferguson et al 2003;McNamara et al 2006a;Ozcivici et al 2008;McNamara 2011), but also to decipher the impact of changes in tissue composition or structure during disease. From the results presented here, it is clear that a major contributor to this large range of experimentally reported stiffness values is the MVF (Figures 3 and 5).…”

“…Mechanical testing of trabecular and cortical bone tissue has been carried out using 3/4-point bending (Choi et al 1990), buckling (Runkle and Pugh 1975;Townsend et al 1975), cantilever beam tests (Mente and Lewis 1989), micro-tensile testing (Ryan and Williams 1989;Rho et al 1993;Samelin et al 1996;McNamara et al 2005;McNamara et al 2006a), ultrasonic measurement (Rho et al 1993) and nanoindentation (Rho et al 1997;Rho et al 1999;Zysset et al 1999;Hoffler et al 2000;Ferguson et al 2003;Ozcivici et al 2008).…”

“…Reported values for the elastic modulus of trabecular and cortical tissue from these studies have conflicted, with values ranging from 0.75GPa to 30GPa (Runkle and Pugh 1975;Townsend et al 1975;Mente and Lewis 1989;Ryan and Williams 1989;Choi et al 1990;Rho et al 1993;Samelin et al 1996;Rho et al 1997;Rho et al 1998;Rho et al 1999;Zysset et al 1999;Hoffler et al 2000;Ferguson et al 2003;McNamara et al 2006a;Ozcivici et al 2008;McNamara 2011). There is much contention regarding whether cortical and trabecular bone are fundamentally the same tissue, and that it is their tissue organisation that distinguishes their mechanical behaviour, or whether the tissue composition and mechanical properties are different between the two bone types.…”

Variability and anisotropy of mechanical behavior of cortical bone in tension and compression

“…This orientation dependency has been well studied in a number of experiments at either macro-scale (Reilly and Burstein, 1975;Zioupos et al, 1995) or micro-scale (Rho et al, 1997) conducted by means of mechanical or non-mechanical techniques (Ashman et al, 1984;Lawrence et al, 1984). Bonfield and Grynpas (1977) developed an ultrasonic method to measure the effect of orientation on elastic properties by varying the angle of specimen from 0° to 90°.…”

The Influence of Mineralization on Intratrabecular Stress and Strain Distribution in Developing Trabecular Bone

“…In recent studies, differences in degree of mineralization at the trabecular level have been demonstrated to be related with concomitant differences in mechanical properties. 25,26 The resulting inhomogeneity of tissue stiffness can affect the apparent mechanical properties of the complete trabecular structure. 1,13,27,33 Thus far, the effect of the true distribution of mineralization has insufficiently been taken into account as a determinant of bone mechanical properties.…”