Elastic recovery induced strengthening effect in copper/ multilayer-graphene interface regions revealed by instrumental nanoindentation

Wang, Xueliang; Su, Yang; Han, Songyang; Crimp, M. A.; Wang, Yaping; Wang, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108832

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It was noteworthy that the smaller the vertical distance from graphene to the indentation surface, the higher the hardness of the Cu/gr composites. This agrees with the experimental results of Wang [14] et al Hardness reflects the ability of a material to resist the pressure of a hard object on its surface. In the nanoindentation process, the hardness H can be calculated by the following equation [22,23]:…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Compared to macroscopic experimental characterization, nanoindentation experiments can study the deformation behavior of Cu/gr composites at the micro/nanoscale. Wang et al [14] investigated the nanoindentation behavior at the Cu/multilayer graphene interface boundary (IB) region. Although the deformation of graphene can be partially observed by nanoindentation experiments, it is still difficult to clearly visualize the interaction of dislocations, stacking faults and twins with the Cu/gr interfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Dynamics Study of the Deformation Behavior and Strengthening Mechanisms of Cu/Graphene Composites under Nanoindentation

Ren,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Crystals

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The mechanical performance of pure copper can be significantly strengthened by adding graphene without greatly sacrificing its electrical and thermal conductivity. However, it is difficult to observe the deformation behavior of Cu/graphene composites efficiently and optically using experiments due to the extremely small graphene size. Herein, Cu/graphene composites with different graphene positions and layers were built to investigate the effect of these factors on the mechanical performance of the composites and the deformation mechanisms using molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the maximum indentation force and hardness of the composites decreased significantly with an increase in the distance from graphene to the indentation surface. Graphene strengthened the mechanical properties of Cu/graphene composites by hindering the slip of dislocations. As the graphene layers increased, the strengthening effect became more pronounced. With more graphene layers, dislocations within the Cu matrix were required to overcome higher stress to be released towards the surface; thus, they had to store enough energy to allow more crystalline surfaces to slip, resulting in more dislocations being generated.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Deformation Behavior and Strengthening Mechanisms of Cu/Graphene Composites under Nanoindentation

Ren,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Crystals

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“…Consequently, the following equation is used to label the different mechanisms leading to the whole flow stress in the alloy.

\begin{matrix} σ_{flow} = σ_{i} + Δ σ_{SH} + Δ σ_{HP} + Δ σ_{ss} \end{matrix}

where σ i is the dislocation frictional stress of the lattice movement. According to the approximation of other studies, [ 28–32 ] the friction stress of the lattice was estimated by the mixture analysis rule and calculated as 105 MPa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where σ i is the dislocation frictional stress of the lattice movement. According to the approximation of other studies, [28][29][30][31][32] the friction stress of the lattice was estimated by the mixture analysis rule and calculated as 105 MPa. σ SH (crossdislocation strengthening) is the strengthening caused by the interaction of dislocations with deformation in relatively larger grains.…”

Section: Mechanical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…σ SH (crossdislocation strengthening) is the strengthening caused by the interaction of dislocations with deformation in relatively larger grains. Supported by other studies, [29][30][31][32] strain hardening σ SH due to the large dislocation density in the material is evaluated to be 587 and 741 MPa. σ HP is the Hall-Petch strengthening or grain size-dependent strengthening.…”

Section: Mechanical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergetic Enhancements on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Al₁₀Cr₁₇Fe₂₀NiV₄ Medium‐Entropy Alloys Induced by Nano‐Al₂O₃ Particles

Feng

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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In a wide range of medium-entropy alloys (MEA, the mixing entropy of the alloy between 1 R and 1.5 R) and high-entropy alloys (HEA, the mixing entropy of the alloy exceeds 1.5 R), the multiprincipal elements HEA and MEA of the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure have attracted extensive attention ascribable to its prominent mechanical properties, [1] outstanding cryogenic property, [2] and wear resistance. [3] However, the mechanical properties of these FCC alloys are still deficient and there is still much room for improvement. To improve the mechanical performance of MEA, various strengthening mechanisms such as element precipitation [4,5] and the in situ formation of the second phase [6][7][8][9][10] have been studied in depth.HEAs, which were proposed by Yeh et al. [11] and Cantor et al., [12] first, have been paid much attention to and extensively studied by researchers in recent decades. Recently, it has been verified that adding Al 2 O 3 into FCC MEAs can make grain refinement and improve comprehensive mechanical properties. Zhao et al. [13] successfully prepared CrCoNi-Al 2 O 3 using mechanical alloying combined with the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The results exhibit that the nano-Al 2 O 3 particles are distributed uniformly in the CrCoNi matrix with ultrafine grain size (≤0.37 μm). The hardness of the composites with 2.5-7.5 wt% Al 2 O 3 reached a range of 521-603 HV. It manifests nanoparticle strengthening as a feasible strategy to improve the mechanical properties of MEA/HEA, which includes several strengthening mechanisms. In addition, the addition of Al can induce grain refinement, and the precipitation of favorable intermetallic compounds (such as Ni 3 Al) in some alloys, when combined with optimal thermodynamic treatments, will lead to significant hardening effects. [14] Al 0.4 FeCrCo 1.5 NiTi 0.3 reinforced by nano-Al 2 O 3 was synthesized successfully by mechanical alloying and SPS. It is found that nano-Al 2 O 3 promotes the formation of twins. [15] Hynek [16] et al. prepared CoCrFeNiMn HEA, which was strengthened in situ by mechanical alloying and in situ formation of nano-oxide dispersions. The microstructure analysis shows that the grain refinement rate of single-phase FCC alloy is about 50% in the presence of oxide.Moreover, among these properties, wear plays a significant role in the service life of metal parts with moving contact surfaces, for example, bearings and gears. Friction and wear may lead to local deformation and failure of materials during service, which have led to high demand for the development of wearresistant metal alloys. Compared with traditional commercial alloys, MEAs and HEAs with superior wear resistance result from superior hardness, oxidation resistance, and softening

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Graphene‐Induced Surface Softening and Nanostructure Evolution of Platinum Foils

Yaacoub,

Surana,

Tawfick

2024

Adv Eng Mater

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While it has been previously accepted that graphene growth on metal films by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) protects the surfaces by stiffening and hardening, in this study, an unusual opposite effect is reported. Herein, we use nanoindentation to study the mechaniported. Herein, we use nanoindentation to study the mechanical behavior of graphene‐covered platinum foils. Two graphene growth recipes using undiluted and diluted methane flow are studied, aiming to achieve a bulk or a surface‐mediated graphene growth mechanism, respectively. Contrary to previous reports, a 17% decrease is observed in the elastic modulus of the Pt surfaces when covered by graphene compared to graphene‐free regions for both recipes, when using the real indentation contact area extracted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the estimation. By performing cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), subsurface multilayers responsible for the decrease in stiffness are revealed and these observations and the mechanism of layer formation are explained. Hence, in this study, it is highlighted that surface stiffening of metals by graphene CVD has exceptions, especially in the case of metals with high carbon solubility. Moreover, in this study, approaches for combining cross‐sectional TEM, topological scans from AFM, and raw load–displacement data from nanoindentation to provide a complete, multiscale elucidation of the mechanical behavior of a material surface are described.

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Elastic recovery induced strengthening effect in copper/ multilayer-graphene interface regions revealed by instrumental nanoindentation

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Deformation Behavior and Strengthening Mechanisms of Cu/Graphene Composites under Nanoindentation

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Deformation Behavior and Strengthening Mechanisms of Cu/Graphene Composites under Nanoindentation

Synergetic Enhancements on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Al₁₀Cr₁₇Fe₂₀NiV₄ Medium‐Entropy Alloys Induced by Nano‐Al₂O₃ Particles

Graphene‐Induced Surface Softening and Nanostructure Evolution of Platinum Foils

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Elastic recovery induced strengthening effect in copper/ multilayer-graphene interface regions revealed by instrumental nanoindentation

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Deformation Behavior and Strengthening Mechanisms of Cu/Graphene Composites under Nanoindentation

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Deformation Behavior and Strengthening Mechanisms of Cu/Graphene Composites under Nanoindentation

Synergetic Enhancements on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 Medium‐Entropy Alloys Induced by Nano‐Al2O3 Particles

Graphene‐Induced Surface Softening and Nanostructure Evolution of Platinum Foils

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Synergetic Enhancements on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Al₁₀Cr₁₇Fe₂₀NiV₄ Medium‐Entropy Alloys Induced by Nano‐Al₂O₃ Particles